Life of Pi and Religion

In the first part of Life of Pi, Pi Patel tells the reader about important memories from his childhood before the ship accident and his adventure as a castaway at sea. It is from these memories that we see a real development of Pi's character; we come to better understand his thoughts and standings on life, religion, and the knowledge he gained from his family and others. One of his many musings about religion and the integration of it into our lives appears in Chapter 22, where he describes the end of two individuals lives. Both see a white light overtaking them. One person recognizes that it is God, in one form or another, overtaking them and drawing them in from their moral life, and they become believers. The other stays stubborn in his scientific reasoning, and dismisses the white light as a visual phenomenon that is caused by a lack of oxygen to his central nervous system. Pi does not necessarily dismiss either as false, but claims that the scientific person â€Å"lack(ed) imagination and miss(ed) the better part of the story. This is precisely one of the major ideas of Life of Pi, that despite what life throws at you, you can choose how you perceive reality and make a better story out of it, should you choose to do so. Pi sees religion as one of the greatest ways to engage the human imagination and take full advantage of life. It would appear as though Pi is claiming that even if religion isn't true, it is more exciting to live your life as though it were than to live with the mind of an atheist, that there is a â€Å"better story† through a life of religion. And this may well be true, that belief in a higher purpose is more fulfilling than belief in our existence being a natural phenomenon devoid of God. But if you choose religion to be your â€Å"story,† then does it truly become reality? In the case of Pi, he tells us that we can shape our reality. But to truly analyze this statement, we must define reality. Though Pi suggests that reality is a truth based on personal perspective, common sense affirms otherwise. There is reality, in the sense of what truly has taken place, and there is what people believe, they can be unified or separate of one another, but to be both would be a paradox. If there were no reality underlying life, then we would need no judicial systems in the world, for certainly if the accused believes they are innocent, then we should not dare call them false by the convictions of our own reality. No one could lie either, for reality would be relative to perspective and one cannot expect his or her own reality to align with the other party's reality. Furthermore, we could not chastise children for stealing from one another, for they truly believe that they should take what they want, and we must not punish them for simply living out their own reality. There is much â€Å"meat† lacking in Pi's statement, but such is to be expected in his case. It is important to consider one fact in all that he says-the story's setting is during his childhood. For one so young in the world, he speaks rather firmly on some considerable matters, of religion and how to live a fulfilling life. Pi talks as though he had lived a lifetime-worth of social and religious observations that give him qualification to speak so adamantly. Yet he is not stubborn, or narrow-minded, he simply has faith in himself. This mindset of faith in self can be expected from a person of any religion, which includes Pi since, basically, he has created a religion of his own, one that involves the idea of incorporating other religions. More importantly, children also hold this view, a belief in their own perspective. The story with the animals is certainly the more preferable story to read. If the book were made from the second story, it would be quite boring. But this is not to say that the second story is not the better one. Yann Martel simply chose to write the first one with more embellishment and elements that create a good story, a more positive story of steadfast courage and personal triumph. He wrote the second story to sound blockish, horrid, and unpleasantly real. The second story is the reality and the first one is Pi's askew take on reality. I do however think that if you incorporate the first story into the character of Pi in the second story, therefore making the second story more â€Å"story-like† by giving Pi characterization, the second story would be the better one, and the most real. It would be a tale of a castaway, who must endure the mutilation of other castaways, one being his mother, at the hand of a deranged Frenchman, who evidentially dies, leaving the boy alone in the lifeboat. But through all of this, the boy imagines that he is sailing on an incredible journey with animals, and they see many wondrous things, and through his struggles comes to look back on the journey as the one with animals, and not the horrid truth. Ah, but wait-that is the true story of the Life of Pi, the third story, the one that is not told explicitly but is instead derived by the combining of truth and perspective to mold an ultimate reality.

Hunger Games Film Review Essay

The film the Hunger Games gives out a hot, jumpy energy that’s irresistible. It has great romance, intensity and suspense. The Hunger Games is a mysterious, intriguing and thrill-seeking movie, it’s directed by Gary Ross and it’s based on the novel by Suzanne Collins. The film is set in a place called Panem in an unknown time in the future after the mass destruction of North America. The book starts off in District 12 which is a region that is poor and not as wealthy as other districts but is well-known for producing coal. The games is organized and made by the Capitol for the 12 districts that rebelled and did things against the government. So as punishment each year on reaping day one male and female (between the ages of 12-18) are randomly selected from each district, in total there are 24 tributes that are forced to participate in the annual Hunger Games. The Hunger Games is an on-screen event where the selected tributes must fight to the death in a dangerous outside arena. The spectacular Jennifer Lawrence acting as Katniss Everdeen gives us a female warrior worth cheering and her remarkable partner Josh Hatcherson acts as Peeta Malark, in the beginning the two don’t know each other that well but eventually they become close overtime. It’s quite obvious that Suzanne Collins didn’t get to help out for the film because in my opinion I think lots of parts from the movie were missed out and several bits went wrong so it wasn’t as faithful as the book. For example in the novel, some of these deaths are long so it showed the determination of some characters in their final moments. For instance, in a scene, Katniss rests and camps not far from a young female tribute that starts a campfire. After the girl is discovered, she is attacked and nearly killed by some of her associated tributes. But when they notice that she’s alive after the attack, Peeta is sent to finish her off. Also when Cato is faced against a group of vicious mutts, he survives for several hours before Katniss finally puts him out of his misery. However, in the movie the deaths of the tributes are done quickly. The girl discovered near the campfire was dying rapidly after she was attacked and Cato’s suffering only went o n for a few moments until Katniss killed him. Another example is when the book included mutated versions of late tributes born-again as horrific and atrocious dogs. In the book, Katniss recognizes parts of the former tributes in the mutant dogs but in the film the dogs are nothing more than over-sized wild beasts. The acting exceeded my expectations, bringing the characters to life. Jennifer Lawrence as Katniss is remarkable, her performance shows a wide range of emotions from happy to sad, afraid to angry and desperate to confused. Josh Hutcherson as Peeta expresses the seriousness and courage of the character well and Liam Hemsworth as Gale shows tremendous skill at expressing so much meaning with just small movements. Among the supporting cast, Woody Harrelson as Haymitch stands out, wonderfully walking the character through an arc from drunken fatalism to bemused curiosity to persistent dedication to his mentees. Donald Sutherland plays President Snow as a deliciously understated villain; there is no cackling laugh or twirled moustache, but only the calm incisive patience of a calculating tyrant. Impressively and disturbingly at the same time, Alexander Ludwig and Isabelle Fuhrman are positively chilling as Cato and Clove, the District 2 tributes absolutely committed to the bloodthirsty vi ciousness of the Games – a stark contrast to Peeta, whose greatest fear is not death, but selling out to become the mindless monster the Capitol wants him to be. And Lenny Kravitz, too, proves why he was an inspired choice for the quiet yet influential Cinna.

Assessments for Early Childhood Programs Essay

William J. Wilson once said, â€Å"The person who scored well on an SAT will not necessarily be the best doctor or the best lawyer or the best businessman. These tests do not measure character, leadership, creativity, or perseverance†. Why do we test students? What is the purpose of assessments? Do these tests and assessments benefit the students? These are questions educators have been asking for years. It is impossible for one to determine a child’s academic abilities based solely on a test. Yet there still needs to be some form of assessments performed in order to evaluate the academic level each student has reached. But how much assessing is too much? How heavily do educators rely on the results of these assessments? The main issues, when it comes to assessing early childhood students, are the consequences of the assessment results and how they affect the child. According to The National Academies of Sciences, there are two key principles that support the success of assessment. The first is that the purpose of an assessment should be a guide for assessment decisions. â€Å"The purpose for any assessment must be determined and clearly communicated to all stake- holders before the assessment is designed or implemented. Most important, assessment designed for programs should not be used to assess individual children. Because different purposes require different kinds of assessments, the purpose should drive assessment design and implementation decisions† (The National Academies of Sciences, 2008). The second principle is that any assessment performed should be completed in a â€Å"coherent system of health, educational, and family support services that promote optimal development for all children. Assessment should be an integral part of a coherent system of early childhood care and education that includes a range of services and resources† (The National Academies of Sciences, 2008). These two principles explain the main purpose of why assessing is important and how assessments should be conducted. After having an understanding of the purpose of assessments, why is it so important to begin evaluations at such a young age? What is the purpose of evaluating infants and toddlers? Author Sue Wortham explains evaluating toddlers and infants determine whether the child is developing normally or if they show any signs of delay and need assistance. All in all, the main purpose of assessment is to benefit the child (Wortham, p. 32). The NAEYC believes that during a child’s early years, evaluating and assessing their development should be the primary focus. They want to study how young children grown and learn. All the â€Å"results of assessment are used to inform the planning and implementation of experiences, to communicate with the child’s family, and to evaluate and improve teachers’ and program’s effectiveness† (Wortham, p.34). Teachers also use assessment results to in order to plan their curriculum accordingly. So exactly do assessments search for? Assessments look not only for what the child is already capable of doing independently but also what they can do with the help of a teacher or another student (Wortham, p. 35). So how are they assessed exactly? There are many different assessments given to children across the U. S. everyday. These may be administered orally or as written works, such as questionnaires, surveys, or tests. These may include: standardized tests, observations, checklists, rating scales, rubrics, interviews, or portfolios. Each of these serve a different purpose in order to give different pieces of information needed to evaluate the child in question. Standardized tests, though many disagree with them, are meant to measure individual characteristics. Observations, on the other hand, are one of the most effective ways to measure students’ characteristics. When children are young, it can be hard at times to determine if there are any developmental delays (Wortham, p. 39). Developmental checklists, or scopes, are mainly used at all levels of education. These checklists are lists of the learning objectives that have been established by the teacher in order to keep track of their learning and development. Items on a checklist are rated with a negative or positive response from the teacher. Rating scales, unlike checklists, provide measurement on a continuum and are used when a collection of criteria is needed to attain specific information. Another form of assessment teachers commonly use is Rubrics. Rubrics were created to â€Å"evaluate authentic and performance assessments† (Wortham, p. 41). Rubrics, like rating scales, have a range of criteria that must be met. However, unlike rating scales, rubrics can be used to not only determine the quality of performance required, but are also used to assign grades. Rubrics make it easy for students to understand what is expected and is makes it easier for teachers to grade assignments. The final types of assessments that are most frequently used are performance and portfolio assessments. These evaluations might be administered through interviews given directly by the teacher in order to understand the child’s thinking and understanding (Wortham, p. 41). Teachers may present these evaluations through directed assignments, activities, or games. The performance results are typically kept in a student or teacher portfolio. These portfolios contain samples of student’s work and are used as a sort of progress report card. Keeping detailed reports of student’s work in the portfolios help teachers keep track of their student’s progress and help determine which areas of learning are lacking attention (Wortham, p. 41). Overall, according to Wortham, these tests, whether administered to an individual child or a group of students, are meant to determine a student’s â€Å"abilities, achievements, aptitudes, interests, attitudes, values, and personality characteristics† (Wortham, p.39). Now having an understanding of the different types of assessments used to evaluate students and the purpose, let us turn to the negative and positive effects of these evaluations. It is crucial for educators to administer tests and evaluations carefully, because it they are poorly articulated, it can lead to decisions that are unfair or unclear, and they may do harm to programs, teachers, and, most importantly, children (Snow, C. E. & Van Hemel, S. B. , p. 341-342). Evaluations and assessments are not meant to punish a child, and therefore, should never be overseen lightly. It is important that the information gathered outweighs any negative effects. Editors of Early Childhood Assessment: Why, What, and How, Catherine E. Snow and Susan B. Van Hemel, explain that â€Å"although the same measure may be used for more than one purpose, prior consideration of all potential purposes is essential, as is careful analysis of the actual content of the assessment instrument. Direct examination of the assessment items is important because the title of a measure does not always reflect the content† (Snow, C. E. & Van Hemel, S. B. , p. 346). So what are some negative effects? Negative consequences of assessment findings may include program de-funding, closing a center, firing a teacher, mislabeling a child, or a reduction in program resources (The National Academies of Sciences, 2008). These effects, such as mislabeling a student, can follow students for the rest of their education career. Once a child is entered into a program, it can be difficult at time for teachers to look past that label. Children all develop at different his or her own pace. No one child will develop and learn the same way as another child. They all grow up and develop at different stages. Yet educational theorists have been able to observed and gather enough information to conclude that children, if divided in age groups, do tend to follow a certain development pattern. The problem is, it is hard to determine which children are the outliers in these results without carefully administering proper assessments. Assessments are not used to necessarily judge student or punish them. Their main purpose is to help students, teachers, and parents. So what are some positive effects of assessment and evaluations? Students that benefit from assessments and evaluations are those that are properly observed and tested. Teachers also benefit from the use of assessments because it helps them create an appropriate curriculum for their students. Evaluating children at a young age can have a positive effect if a delay or disability is in fact found, and because it was caught early, the student has a better chance of exceeding their potential in school. Catching developmental delays or disabilities at a young age is the same as finding cancer at an early stage in the sense that the earlier the cancer is found; the chances of survival are greater. Assessment results are used to plan for instruction, evaluate instructional programs, and report student progress. These are all positive results of assessments. Without the results of assessments and test, how can educators determine what to teach their students? Evaluations, if planned and administered properly, can be more beneficial than harmful. Unfortunately, not all teachers evaluate children fairly or appropriately. So it is important for parents to stay involved in their children’s education in the event that the results of an evaluation do not match the potential of their child. Parents should know the norms and abnormalities of their child’s behavior. Therefore, it is always beneficial to the child for parents and teachers to communicate. This way if a child is acting up in class, and the teacher notifies the parent, the parent may confirm any fears right away by simply saying, â€Å"that isn’t like him† or â€Å"he’s just nervous†. Avoiding drastic measures and not jumping to conclusions is the proper way to evaluate a child fairly. What are the predicted long-term benefits to Early Childhood Assessments? Are assessments and student evaluations accurate? Should teachers be required to assess and evaluate students as much as they already do? These are just a few of the questions that plagued educators for years. Too much assessing has placed so much pressure on students and teachers, inevitably taking away a child’s desire to learn for the sake of learning. The purpose of assessments and evaluations is a great concept, but placing too much pressure and emphasis on the test results is tainting the original purpose of learning. References Bers, T. H. & Mittler, M. L. (1994). New Directions for Community Colleges. Assessment & Testing Myths and Realities: A Critical Review of Student Assessment Options, 69-83. Brink, M. (2002). Involving Parents in Early Childhood Assessment: Perspectives from an Early Intervention Instructor. Early Childhood Education Journal, 29(4), 251-7. Retrieved from Education Full Text database Early, D. M. , McKenna, M. , & Slentz, K. L. (2008). A Guide to Assessment in Early Childhood; Infancy to Age Eight. Washington State: Washington State Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction. The National Academies of Sciences (2008). Early Childhood Assessment: Why, What, And How. Retrieved October 19, 2011 from http://www. bocyf. org/head_start_brief. pdf. Early Learning Standards Task Force and Kindergarten Assessment Work Group. (2005). Early Childhood Assessment For Children From Birth To Age 8 (Grade 3). Harrisburg, PA: Pennsylvania’s Departments of Education and Public Welfare. Snow, C. E. & Van Hemel, S. B. (2008). Early Childhood Assessment: Why, What, And How. Washington, D. C. : The National Research Council Of The National Academies Wortham, S. (2012). Assessment in Early Childhood Education, (6th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Boardman Management Analysis and PRF Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Boardman Management Analysis and PRF - Essay Example ion has been made, the introduction of communication technology has to be viewed as an occasion in the life of an organization that affects the processing of information by knowledge workers. With the implementation of new processing systems, an external parameter has been introduced within the organization that changes the creation and manipulation of information. The fundamental question arising is concerned with the relationship between this external parameter and the agents – knowledge workers – of the organization. Boardman Management should take into account its current system and future goals connected with business expansion and future development. As new technology is introduced, knowledge workers have to make media choices that translate into alternative ways of processing information. These media choices are made in the context of having to achieve an expected level of individual performance. In these circumstances, knowledge workers appropriate the technology according to their needs and given organizational norms. Although top management may have a specific output in mind, the invested new software technology is adopted by organizational members who make the eventual decision regarding the use of the technology. The underlying idea is that new software technology is created and changed by human action, yet it is also used by people to accomplish organizational aims. Knowledge workers may, for example, decide to use group support systems for the purpose of generating ideas, yet refuse t o use these for overcoming conflicts (Laudon and Laudon 2005). Boardman Management should take into account current problems and skills deficiencies, routine work and complexity of organizational structure. This means that workers are limited in their full range of media choices. Furthermore, political processes within organizations demand the negotiation of appropriate media choices. These negotiation processes adhere to established social patterns that have

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 18

Personal Statement Example It is through family that I have learnt to invest in simple things such as happiness and respect, prerequisites to every good life. Playing Persian drums requires both physical and mental skills. Physically, one need to develop a listening ear, it is through listening that one learns how and what to play. Any missed part means a lost rhythm which waters down the efforts of other instrumentalists and that of the lead singer or singers. Secondly, one needs a sense of rhythm and timing, one has to identify a rhythm fast enough to be able to play and aid the other performers. This also means that as a Persian drummer you have to have a fast response in order to coordinate well with the rest. The last physical skill is hands and feet coordination. One has to be able to coordinate their hands and feet to create the required rhythm. This level of coordination should be top notch to ensure a stable rhythm through out a performance. Physical skills and engagements may spell one’s prowess on the drums; however, it is the mental skills that allow one to develop the requisite physical skills. The most important mental skills are: a positive mindset, self-discipline and patience. A positive mindset helps one’s patience and resilience as they learn how to play drums. This is because it is a process and without a positive mindset then one will undoubtedly give up. Self-discipline is also another skill this is greatly informed by a positive mindset. Self-discipline ensures that a drummer becomes committed to his act and manages his time well to provide adequate time for practice. Just like in any other engaging activity, patience is paramount. One has to continually resist the urge to walk before one can crawl, a drummer must learn to make the small steps which ultimately build up the necessary skills. As evident, playing Persian drums is an involving engagement. Taking the learning process and being able to stay focused has required a lot of determination. Thankfully,

The burden of proof Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The burden of proof - Essay Example The Union’s past practice argument cannot hold because the assessment test has already been given to previous applicants in the Technical Department.   The Union claimed that the company awarded the job to senior bidders in the past.   However, the Union did not take into consideration that seniority was not the only requirement, passing the assessment test was a minimum qualification for the position being bided for.3. Does it matter which type of assessment is used by the Company?  Yes, the type of assessment used by the Company matters because it will determine if a certain applicant is qualified to do the job or not.   The type of assessment should be able to measure the capabilities of the applicant which are necessary in accomplishing a certain job.4. If the Union alleged that the Work Keys Assessment was not valid, which party wouldhave to prove the validity?  The validity of the Work Keys Assessment should be proven by the company through the Subject Matter E xperts (SMEs) who designed it and approved its use.   The SMEs have been with the company for an average of more than 17 years.   As stated by the company, â€Å"Who better to determine the tasks and skills required for an entry-level position than those who have performed it?"   The SMEs are in a position to state that those who pass the test have the necessary skill levels for entry and effective performance in the extra hand position.5. You are the arbitrator. What is your decision? Why? If I were the arbitrator of the case, my decision is that Ms. Boone.

Personal and Professional Development in Nursing Essay - 1

Personal and Professional Development in Nursing - Essay Example Nurses can use a variety of ways to demonstrate individual accountability; two methods are continued competency and professional development. Professional competency is an empowerment tool in that it enables the nurses to fulfil their responsibilities of care effectively. It is also, therefore, important to understand the factors that influence clinical competency (Memarian et al., 2007, 203-214). Accountability and Ethics: The codes of nursing ethics have focused on accountability as a central moral concept and value. Some national nursing organisations have identified accountability as the key standard of competent practice. The code of professional conduct calls for a high standard of professional behaviour from the nurses, regulating the nursing and midwifery practice in order to ensure standards and providing protection for the clients (Vanlaere and Gastmans, 2007, 758-766). Nursing, in essence, is a care system that springs from safe, caring, and competent and educated decision making, and nurse is a professional who is willing to accept personal and professional accountability for evidence-based practice guided by ethical principles (Wiseman, 2007). Accountability: The code of professional conduct enumerates that the nurse is personally accountable for her practice. Literally, this means the nurse is responsible for actions and omissions, "regardless of advice or directions from another professional." This directly relates to the law of the land and is guided by the duty to deliver safe and competent care. Therefore, this also involves the responsibility of reporting. However, it must be mentioned that accountability for standards of practice is judged by the peers or fellow professionals, and only they are in a position to make decisions about the appropriateness or quality of service. Nursing diagnoses, the first taxonomy created in nursing, have fostered the development of autonomy and accountability in nursing and have helped to delineate the scope of practice. In that sense, professionalism and accountability are inherent in nursing practice (Jos and Tompkins, 2004, 255-281). The nursing profession has traditionally used t hree methods of assuring accountability to the public-licensure examination, continuing education, and certifications, all of which are avenues of professional development that ensures quality and standards of care. The idea of a standard of care evolves from this principle. Standards of care provide a ruler for measuring nursing actions, and therefore, maintenance of accountability promotes both personal and professional development. This behaviour would uphold the profession, and accountability also ensures that the nurse acts quickly to protect the patient and his rights within the limits of contemporary professional competency. Nurses are accountable to their clients and to their colleagues. When providing care to clients, nurses are responsible for their own actions, good and not so good (Griffith and Tengnah, 2005, 339-343). The principle of autonomy has considerable merit and is supported by the Code of Ethics for Nurses. Following this ethical principle

Real Estate and Recession Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Real Estate and Recession - Research Paper Example This is what happened in United States before the global financial crisis. The values of houses touched the peaks during the year 2006 which begin to rapidly decline during 2006-2007. Now let us discuss some of the causes which led to the burst of housing bubble. The housing tax policy as discussed in taxpayer relief act of 1997 encouraged people to invest in housing rather than stocks and other types of investments. There were not enough regulations in place to have a proper check and balance on such housing investments. The use of mandated loans is considered another cause of the burst of housing bubble. Then the federal bank also lowered interest rates while the rise of houses was not uniform in all regions of United States. The Americans used to believe that investing in houses is a secured investment and they even preferred to become owners of their houses. There were many marketing campaigns being run to encourage people to invest in real estate. This encourages more and more p eople to invest. However, the high values of houses were later followed by decline in prices which busted the bubble. The housing bubble affected the U.S economy in various ways. Millions of new houses were built and sold. The share prices and revenues of big construction companies reached to the peak and made millions as a result. There was a large increase in mortgage equity withdrawals which usually include loans for home equity and cash out refinancing. The housing bubble led to the recession in United States which was the worst after great depression. Many Americans were forced to migrate from the expensive metropolitan areas due to price variation in different regions on United States. The subprime mortgage crisis was one of the most important reasons which led to the global financial crisis. This was due to the result of delinquencies and foreclosures in subprime mortgages. Then it was followed by the decline in value of these securities backed by the underlying mortgages. Th e financial crisis and recession has not ended yet. Financial experts believe that the slow growth will continue till the end of year 2012. The entire world in interconnected and the United States is bound to suffer due to the events and happenings across different countries. Since the start of financial crisis, the federal government has been taken serious effects to avoid this in future. However, there are few things which need to be emphasized. There must be some lender of the last resort such as International Monetary Fund (IMF) who can come for help whenever needed. Unfortunately, IMF doesn’t have this job role or enough resources to handle such situations. This needs to be raised during the coming IMF meetings. Then there is need of regulations which can protect the organizations from taking excessive risk. The leverage ratios can also be put in some limit in order to estimate the damage by the shock. The federal bank should put special efforts to control the growing po wers of big firms which can even negatively affect the situation. The firms and even government institutions should pay special consideration while extending credit to borrowers. The credit history of prospective buyers needs to be checked before giving them loans. In order to avoid mortgage crisis, Federal Deposition Insurance Corporation (FDIC) came out with loan work out model. This model was introduced with the

Indonesia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Indonesia - Essay Example (FAO) The median age for males is 25.7 and for females 26.6, giving a total median age population of 26.1. (Country Reports 2006) The sex ratio (m/f) at birth is 1.05, at 15-64 is 1.0, and at 65 and over is 0.78. With 21 births and 6 deaths per 1,000 people, and 36 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, Indonesia has an annual growth rate of 1.4%. Life expectancy at birth is currently 69.6 years. The crude birth rate per 1000 people is 22.55 as per the 1998 census. (World Health Organization) The total fertility rate (per woman) is 2.4. The primary reasons for the decline in fertility rate in Indonesia are an increased use in contraception, which in turn is due to economic development, an increase in the education rate, and greater work force participation for women. (Shafiqul-Islam et. al 1995) Adult male and female literacy rates are at 93.4% and 85.5% respectively (WHO) The maternal mortality ratio, the infant mortality rate, and the under 5 mortality rate are all declining, due to several factors including increased immunization coverage, economic growth (particularly in rural areas), improvement in health facilities, and greater community awareness and participation. Constraints to reduction in mortality include increasing urbanization and poverty in remote island locations. (WHO) Ethnicity of Indonesia is Javanese 45%, Sudanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, coastal Malays 7.5%, other 26%. Religious identity is Islam 88%, Protestant 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 2%, Buddhist 1%, other 1%. (Country Reports: Indonesia) Indonesia has become a global source of contract migrant workers, who secure jobs in another country for a contracted period. The push factor is the demand for unskilled labor in Australia and Thailand, for example. The scarcity of skilled workers in Indonesia is a major pull factor for immigration into the country. (UN) Figure 3 - Religious Affiliation Resources Average daily protein intake is 65.74 as per the 1999 census. The people of Indonesia consume an average of around 2,800 calories per day. (FAO) Indonesia has faced serious problems with malnutrition due to inadequate production and availability of certain foods. Rice is the staple of the majority of Indonesians, due to availability and expense of meat protein. (FAO) Insufficient awareness of nutritional needs and poor eating habits are among other reasons for malnutrition. Other nutritional issues such as anemia, iodine deficiency, and vitamin A deficiency are also prevalent. (WHO) Forestry is a significant employer in Indonesia, supplying around 3.7 million jobs. An estimated 51-57% of the land area of the country is covered in forest land, equating to 98-109 million hectares. 34% is designated for protection and national parks. Secondary forest products such as plywood, sawn timber, rattan, and paper are among the most important non-oil exports of the country. Switching to sustainable forest resources is crucial because the population of Indonesia is increasing relatively rapidly. The government plans to decrease reliance on natural forest areas for such products, and increase reliance on plantations, with the goal of having

Response Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response Strategies - Essay Example In risk assessments i.e. interviews should be founded on the basis of the organizations or projects objectives. This is so as to determine which risks and opportunities are available that can affect the realization of the objective. This makes it easier to be able to identify any strengths or weaknesses in the area of study. It gives more insight about recent developments in the area of study which might positively or negatively affect the venture. Help also determine the legal and policy requirements that might post any risk to the entity (Fan, 2008). Following discovery and analysis of risks, appropriate action in response to the identified risks must be taken focusing on risks of most significance. The risks may be in form of opportunities or threats. The response actions to an opportunity may include; exploitation, sharing and enhancement. These actions aim at realizing that the available opportunities are realized. Responses to threats include avoidance, transferring and mitigation of threats. It is necessary therefore to start with the handling of the high-priority opportunities since they foster the growth of a certain project. The opportunities action strategy will insure a positive impact is realized, and maximizing the benefits realized for the project. Unlike the threats which may involve the incurring of costs or termination of a project even before it is realized. Hence, it’s quite appropriate to maximize on the opportunities

Law and the Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law and the Corporation - Case Study Example There are two types, one, as mentioned above is a Public Limited Company, and the other is a Private Limited Company, which as the name suggests cannot sell its shares to the general public. In the UK, the Companies Act permits several people to form a company for any business that is lawful. Private companies are the easiest kind of company to begin as well as run in their initial stages. Company's name should always end with "Limited" or "Ltd" (Ewan 2004 p 20). Lugi must keep in mind that this type of company is often a family business; directors of these firms tend to be shareholders and are involved in the running of the organization. Normally the shares of Private Companies can only be transferred to another person if the consent of all the other shareholders is obtained. Private Limited Companies as does a PLC have to apply to the Registrar of Companies, submitting a number of documents, which have to be delivered to the Registrar of Companies at Companies House. The two most important are the Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association, in addition to these; there is a Statutory Declaration, which states that the requirements of the Companies Act have been followed. When the registrar is satisfied, then a certificate of incorporation will be given, the company can then begin trading at once (World Bank 2007 p5). I would advice Lugi to start his business as a limited company as just 2 share capital is required to set up a private limited company. Limited Companies are made with a share capital that is authorized (authorized shared capital) as well as with a share capital which is issued (issued shared capital). The authorized share capital can be called the total number of shares that exist in a company which is multiplied by the nominal value of each share. But he must keep in mind that not all such shares might have been issued. The issued share capital is exactly same calculation in respect of each and every one of the issued shares. A company that is incorporated in England as well as Wales can be made with whichever number of shares of any value, in any currency. For instance, there might be 10,000 shares with a nominal value of 1p, or 100 shares each of 1. In both cases the share capital would came out to be 10 (Henry 2006 p 19). Advantages for Limited Company: The core reasons why Lugi should open a limited company is as follows: Control of the company cannot be lost to outsiders, more people are prepared to risk money because shareholders have limited liability, more capital can be raised because there is no limit to the number of shareholders and, the company is a separate legal entity and therefore, as such has a continuous legal existence, separate from the individuals who are its shareholders. Its existence is unaffected by changes in the directors and other shareholders, and the work of the business can thus carry on with a minimum of interruption (contrast this with the death of a sole proprietor) (Stephen 2000 p 10). DisadvantagesLike every business even limited business has risks, Lugi must be fully prepared to manage those risks and disadvantages. They are as follows:shared profits among a larger amount of people, the legal procedure to set up the business, as a consequence of this there is a cost in

The Norton Introduction to Literature Essay Example for Free

The Norton Introduction to Literature Essay My Papas Waltz was written by Theodore Roethke in XXXX. Many critics believe that â€Å"My Papas Waltz† lacks the strength of Roethkes later works like â€Å"The Lost Son† and â€Å"The North American Sequence. † However, this particular poem is one of Roethkes most well loved, read, and discussed pieces of poetry. The narrators ambiguous recounting of his fathers waltz causes drastically different interpretations of the exact meaning of the poem. Many people claim that it is a tender poem of a positive interaction between a father and son and a joyful childhood memory. While still others believe that it is a sad retelling of the abuse of a child by his drunken father. â€Å"My Papas Waltz† is a solid example of how poetry can be greatly influenced by the readers past. It was Roethkes goal to create a piece of prose which was not his alone but belong also to the reader and his/her personal experience. He leaves the poem open for interpretation by the use of several literary devices. The duplicity of meaning in â€Å"My Papas Waltz† is supported by Roethkes use of meter, alliteration , and juxtaposition of images. â€Å"My Papas Waltz† offers such strikingly different responses from readers that often the technical grace of Roethke is overlooked. This poem is short in length it is rich in several traditional and strict approaches to poetry. Alliteration is when the initial sounds of words are similar and place together. In line 4, â€Å"Such waltzing was not easy. † Here the repetition of the gentle â€Å"w† contrasts the simile of death used in line 3. The alliteration gives the impression that the waltz peaceful however when combined with the idea of death, it is clear that the waltz is â€Å"not easy†. See more: how to write an academic introduction â€Å"My mothers countenance / Could not unfrown itself† (lines 7-8) has the alliteration of the hard â€Å"c† sound. Compared that hard sound to the joyful stanza it is found in. The â€Å"c† becomes a sign of caution and carefulness. In lines 9-10, â€Å"The hand that held my wrist / Was battered on one knuckle; â€Å" the placement of the words hand and held together create a soft sound which contrasts the image of the â€Å"battered knuckle. † The use of alliteration allows the reader to interpret the actions within the poem as lighthearted or abusive. Image is another literary device used to create duplicity of meaning. The images of â€Å"dancing† together, a positive interaction, juxtaposed by the bruised knuckles is suggestive of violence. This negative interpretation is further supported by the image of the father holding not the sons hand but his wrist. This is a much more aggressive act than hand holding and gives the impression that perhaps the child is being forced to dance. In lines 13-14, â€Å"You beat time on my head / With a palm caked hard by dirt,† is once again an image of violence. It is obvious that the narrator could mean â€Å"keep time† instead of â€Å"beat time†. In which case, the image suggest a father playing the drums lightly on his sons head. However, the introduction of the word â€Å"beat† creates a rough tone to the lines and references in sound the word â€Å"battered â€Å" from line 10. Meter allows the reader a choice of what the poem truly means. The true skill of Rothkes meter is often missed if â€Å"My Papas Waltz† is not read out loud. Roethke uses patterns of syllables to parallel the actual movement of the waltz. For example in line 1-2, â€Å"The whiskey on your breath / Could make a small boy dizzy;† but should be read with the following emphasizes â€Å"The whiskey on your breath / Could make a small boy dizzy†. The meter continues as above and rhyme scheme traditionally known as iambic trimeter. However, in line 11, mid way through the poem and continuing throughout the rest of the poem the meter is slightly different from the waltz. Roethke here is trying to mirror the appearance of a drunk man trying to do the waltz. In line 14, there is a complete break in the rhythm of the poem because there is an extra syllable. The word â€Å"hard† is not necessary at all. Remove hard from the line, and it still makes sense. The interruption of meter which mirrors the units of three that compose the waltz draws attention to that line. The reader must question why is the author giving that line special attention. One conclusion is that the poem is not about a son dancing with his tipsy father but with a child enduring regular physical abuse. Another viewpoint is that it represents another silly misstep by the father that the son enjoys. Through the use of several literary devices Roethke creates a piece of poetry which is technically perfect and thematically ambiguous. Alliteration was used to create dual meaning by pairing soft sounds with harsh images. Images of tender moments between father and son were juxtaposed with violently aggressive words. The poem parallels the actual steps of the waltz which contrasts striking with the slurred actions of a drunk father. With the use of alliteration, images, and meter, Roethke allows the poetry to be unclear which forces the reader to make up his own mind about the content and theme of the poem. One of the goals of modern literature and therefore modern authors was not to merely describe their environments or their emotions. But to inspire, evoke, and tempt the reader. Roethkes wanted to not only reach his audience but include his audience in the creation of the poetry. Certainly, by writing â€Å"My Papas Waltz† which offers dual meaning, he allows for all his readers to gain a different understanding of his writing. He effects readers with a great childhood by writing a poem which is lighthearted and nostalgic for their younger years. He also effects readers who have some form of abuse in their childhoods by assuring them by the retelling of his story that they are not alone in their experiences. The most important influence of â€Å"My Papas Waltz† is its ability to stimulate conversation and debate between different readers. It is in the absence of choice by the author that allows the freedom of choice for the audience. Roethkes breathes new life into the oldest theme in literature – appearance versus reality. In life very few things are ever as they appear. People, relationships, and memory are multi-layered and extremely complicated. Perhaps Roethkes true intention was to create a piece of writing which explores the ambiguous nature of memory and suggests that remembering is neither good or bad and but a simple combination of both. Works Cited Roethke, Theodore. My Papa’s Waltz. The Norton Introduction to Literature. 6th ed. Ed. Carl E. Bain, et al. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1995. 769.

Misuse of Information Technology

Misuse of Information Technology INTRODUCTION The word IT stands for Information Technology and it is defined as a part of engineering that contributes in creating and studying computer systems and computer application as well as being part of telecommunication, helping to retrieve, store and transmit data. In this current era many impossible things has been made possible with the help of Information Technology. In fact, many organizations are computerized and they use information technology in many ways in their day-to-day routine. The use of IT has becomes part of everybodys life. Information technology has many norms and rules that one should follow and respect. This is where the ethics of information technology comes into action. Ethic is the reflective study of the general nature of moral values, legal and social issues. There are some rules to be followed and standard to direct and control conduct of an individual at professional level. Most of the professional organizations which deal with computing have published their c ode of ethics. OBJECTIVE One should study computer ethics because doing so will make individuals behave like responsible people. One should also study computer ethics as it will keep the latter away from computer abuse and catastrophes. These can be done by studying the different code of ethics. A code of ethics is defined as a means to promote a variety of purposes and goals, in other words, it is a way to promote many motives. Misuse of Information Technology Computer crime is a very vast topic. It includes many mal functions by computer users. It is all about making bad use of information technology for personal interest or in order to create troublesome situation for others. Plagiarism is one aspect. It is passing off the work of other people as your own without giving any credit to them. Piracy is another topic worth thinking about because people make a lot of effort and spend lot of money to create or make something where other just make a copy of them instant of buying the original one. Crackers are basically attention who break into computer system and make illegitimate use of them. With the rapid evolution in Information Technology, the numbers of crackers are also growing. It is very difficult to get hold of all these issues that is why we have some association running, aiming to reduce and stop these concerns. Ethics from different perspective When talking about ethics in information Technology, there are different issues that come in our mind. In order to deal with these problems, there are many associations that have been created and some of them have been mention below. Many professions have established professional societies which have adopted codes of conduct. For example, the medical profession established the AMA (American Medical Association), and the legal profession established the ABA (American Bar Association) (Tavani 2007, p.100). These two associations deal with code of conducts of their members. The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers-computer society (IEEE-CS) are examples of professional societies recognized by the computing profession. The Association of Information Technology Professional (AITP) deals with level of conduct for professional. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Here we will be looking at the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers code of ethics. The IEEE code of ethics contains ten general directives. The first four teach members to accept responsibility in making engineering decisions consistent with the safety, health and welfare of the public. The second command is to let alone difference of opinion wherever possible. The third instruction is to be honest and the fourth is not to accept bribery. These four commands are same for both ACM and the IEEE code of ethics. The member of the IEEE needs to accept responsibility in making engineering consistent with the safety, health and welfare of the public. They also need to avoid real conflict of interest wherever possible. They need to be honest in their work and while handling the organizations data. A member of IEEE should support colleagues and subordinates in their happening and achievements. The IEEE code gives a list of categories for nondiscrimination, but does include anything that might be interpreted to include sexual preference (Bowyer 2001, p56). The Association of Computing Machinery In 1992, the ACM adopted a new code of ethic and professional conduct with supplemental explanation and guidelines. The ACM code of ethics consists of eight general imperatives, eight specific professional responsibilities, six organizational imperatives and two elements for compliance (Bowyer 2001, p.50). Here we are looking at a scenario where a member of the ACM has to implement general moral. He will have to contribute to the society. He will have to avoid harm to others; he will need to be honest and trustworthy. He will have to be fare in his decision making and fair judgment. He will also need to respect property rights including copyrights and patents. He will have to give proper credit for knowledgeable property. He will need to respect the privacy of others, and he will also need to keep confidentiality. Now, we are looking at some more qualified duties, as an ACM computing professional, a member will have to work hard to achieve the highest level in both the development and outcomes of skilled works. He will need to obtain expert skills, which means that he will need to show that he can perform skillfully. The member needs to know and respect the laws belonging to the appropriate profession. He will need to give performance review of computer systems and their impacts together with the analysis of possible risks as well as respect arrangement made and the given responsibilities. He will need to improve good understanding of computing. And finally he will get the opportunity to use computer and communicating resources but with authorization. Regarding the Organizational Leadership Imperatives, a member of the ACM will need to handle social duties of the members of an organizational unit and fully take over his responsibilities. The member also needs to practice personnel and resources to design and build information system that will raise the self respect of the member. He must ensure that the members, who are getting access to the computer system and those who will be affected, will have their needs clearly stated during the assessment. Afterwards the system must be formalized to such a level so that it satisfies all the needs. The ACM member should also create favorable circumstances for others in the organization to absorb notion and bound of computer systems. There should be accordance with the code. The member of the Association of the Computing Machinery has to retain and boost the rules of the code. The member will also have to treat violation of this code unstable with membership in the ACM. The Software Engineering Code of Ethics The Software Engineering code of ethics starts with a summary of eight general ethical rules. The eight views represent different areas of concern for the software engineer: public, employer, product, judgment, management, profession, colleagues and self (Bowyer 2001, p.51). Computers have a role in industry, government, medicine, education and many more. Software engineers role start with the implementation part in the software life cycle where they deal with coding of the software systems. Software engineers have relative chances to perform well without causing harm. Together with the commitment, software engineers shall stick to the following code of ethics and professional procedure. The code contains definite rules related to the behavior of and decisions made. It is not expected that the individual parts of the code is to be used in isolation to justify errors. The code prescribes these as duties of anyone targeting to be or aiming to be a software engineer. The code is not a simple ethical procedure that brings ethical decisions. In some instances, the level could be in conflict with each other. Ethical conflicts can best be reported by considerate consideration of important rules, rather than blind confidence on guidelines. These rules should make a difference to software engineers to consider who is altered by their performance. In all these decisions, concern for health, safety and welfare of the public comes first, which means that the public interest is the most important. Software engineers shall perform reliably with the public interest. In other words, software engineers should be very loyal to their job. Software engineers shall act in a way that is best for their client and employer. Software engineers should also ensure that their outcomes meet the highest skilled standards possible. Association of Information Technology Professionals (AITP) The AITP code of ethics comes in two parts. One of which is the code of ethics and the second one is the standards of conduct. Sections of the standard of conduct are related to the members obligations to management. A member of the AITP code of ethics should be honest in all professional relations. He should be loyal and there should not be any kind of whistle blowing at any point in the organization. He should be ready to share his experience and knowledge with the other members. He should not take credit for work that he has not done, unless given permission. He should not take advantage of other members who lack experience or knowledge. The member should be up to date and he should have the skills required. Members should not make use of computer system for personal use. Conclusion The whole idea here was to see how ethics have become part of information technology and what the implementations of those ethical codes are. The code of ethics discussed here are more of voluntary kind in other word there is no observance against disobedience. Discrimination based on sexual preference is still a major concern in the community these days. Licensing is another issue worth talking about because companies or individual tend to buy a computer program and then have it installed on different systems. This debate will never come to an end until your internal moral sense guide you to take a step forward for the welfare of the Information Technology society, as it is always said lead by example. References Tavani,H. T., 2007. Ethics and Technology: Ethical Issues in an Age of Information and Communication Technology. 2nd ed. United States of America: Bruce Spatz. Bowyer,K. W. ed., 2001. Ethics and Computing: Living Responsibly in a Computerised World. 2ne ed. New York: The Institute of Electrical and Eletronics Engineers. Quinn, J.M. 2006., Ethics for the Information Age. 2nd ed. New York: Pearson Education. Bibliography Adams A., McCrindle J. R., 2008, Pandoras Box: Social and Professional Issues of the Information Age. West Sussex, England: John Wiley. Baase S, 2009, A Gift of Fire: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues for Computing and the Internet. New Jersy: Pearson Education. Spindello A. R., 1995, Ethical Aspects of Information Technology. New Jersy: Prentice-Hall. Johson.D.G., 2009, Computer Ethics, 4th ed. New Jersy: Pearson Education. Online Resources http://www.cs.bgsu.edu/maner/ethicomp95/keynote3.pdf (last accessed 06.02.2010) http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.2914 (last accessed 06.02.2010) http://www.southernct.edu/organizations/rccs/resources/teaching/teaching_mono/moor/moor_definition.html (last accessed 08.02.2010)

Sony Ericsson

Sony Ericsson Sony Ericsson: Introduction Corporate structure Sony Ericsson is a global manufacturer and distributor of mobile multimedia devices which includes feature-rich phones, mobile accessories and PC cards. Products are innovative blend of powerful technology with communications, imaging, music, and entertainment applications. As a net result, Sony Ericsson is serving market with enticing brand that provides end users desirable fun products. Sony Ericsson was established by telecom leader Ericsson and consumer electronics giant Sony Corporation in 2001. It ownership is equally owned by Ericsson and Sony. Its first product came in market in 2002. Its products have universal consumer appeal. They are different in areas of music, imaging and applications. Company has developed products with advanced technologies such as 2G and 3G platforms. Product research development, design, manufacturing, marketing and customer services are major undertakings by Sony Ericsson. Its global management is headquartered in London while R D is in U.K, Fran ce, Sweden, India, Japan, China and United States. The Firm has around 3,500 around the globe. Sony Ericsson is accepted as leader in mobile designs and innovations. Its many products won awards like T 610, K750i as best 3G handset for 2004. GSM Association awarded K800 Cyber-shot phone as best 3GSM in February 2007. Sony Ericsson has built many partnerships for continuous innovative products development. Partnership with Sony BMG is a way for bringing best and innovative content to its customers. In gaming applications, Sony Ericsson took the lead in launching first Java 3D-enabled handsets, and is looking forward to bring 3D gaming to a wider segment of mobile users. Background of Sony-Ericsson Ever since the Japanese electronics company Sony and the Swedish telecom giant Ericsson came together to form Sony Ericsson, big things were expected in terms of technologically advanced wireless phones as well as improved sales and market shares. However, the first year passed with a lot of disappointment. Sony Ericssons already low market shares began to drop rapidly and the company was losing money. On the other hand, the much anticipated Sony Ericsson T68i phone was introduced and was a major hit. It was the first GSM/GPRS (global system for mobile communications/general packet radio service) color screen handset. Its Bluetooth technology was also the first of its kind, allowing wireless connections to headsets and PC synchronization. One of the accessories included a snap-on digital camera, which has become quite popular and a must for all new models. In the past year, Sony Ericsson has seen a revival in the company as they continue to introduce new revolutionary devices such as the P800 and T610 and set new standards. All this success has contributed to an increase in market shares and has pushed them back into the top five in cell phone manufacturers. In order to continue this success, a new IMC plan is needed. Creativity and flexibility is required in order to succeed in the mobile-phone industry. No other industry changes faster, or experiences more sudden and rapid changes to fortunes. The industry was shaken by the alliance of two consumer electronic giants in October 2001, Sony Corporations and Ericsson AB. Sony Ericsson mobile communications is a fifty-fifty joint venture between Japans Sony Corp. and Swedens Ericsson AB. With headquarters located in London, Sony Ericsson became the sixth largest global mobile phone corporation in 2005 following closely behind competitor Nokia. Motivations for the joint venture alliance as well alternatives to a joint venture will be explored, concluding with an examination of the problems and strategies used throughout the alliance to aid Sony Ericsson to become a world renowned mobile supplier. Complementary asset sharing and knowledge transfers were among several reasons motivating the alliance. Ericsson was heavily criticized in the past for poor manufacturing capabilities as Ericsson previously outsourced its production procedures to Flextronics in order to reduce costs (Electronic Times, 2001). Alongside that, Ericsson was associated with poor designs in terms of aesthetics and was unable to attract a large pool of consumers especially teenagers and young adults. Furthermore, due to the ever changing industrial environment of the mobile-phone industry, Ericsson was forced behind due to its inability to keep up-to-date with the market and as a consequent, slowly loosing its already minimal market share. Ericsson was buying chips from a single source, a Philips plant in New Mexico. Nokia was also buying chips from same facility. In March 2000, a fire at this facility contaminated the facility. Philips gave assurance to Ericsson and Nokia that production will start again just a week time. But it did not happen. Nokia purchased chips from other sources. So Ericsson faced serious shortages. This reduced Sony Ericssons competitive ability to introduce new phones and maintaining supply of current phones. Sony Ericsson, after its new identity introduced first phone in 2002 and now has a product portfolio for meeting demands of all consumer target groups. Sony Ericsson introduced the Walkman-branded W series music phones in 2005 (fourteen models to date: W200, W300, W550, W600, W610, W700, W710, W800, W810, W830, W850, W880, W900 and W950) Branding Key to Sony Ericsson Growth Plan The difference in mid-end hand sets and top-end models is reducing because of technology advancements in mobile phone handset accessories market. Increasing liberalized regional telecommunications is boosting cellular subscriptions and a labor force with high disposable incomes, the Middle East has become a lucrative market for handset manufacturers such as Sony Ericsson. The company has been successful in this emerging market due to successfully fusing innovative technology to develop products. Sony and Ericssons combination of core competencies is a competitive edge of Sony Ericsson. digital cameras and MP3 players have now become essential features of handsets, Sony Ericsson handsets like Cyber shot and Walkman handset ranges are a direct attempt to tap the Sonys heritage in both markets respectively. Sony Ericsson supports retailers and resellers by advertising and marketing campaigns. Sony Ericsson has announced fusion of entertainment and communication for their customers as their new brand strategy. They are adopting a new brand message in collaboration with Sony Group, â€Å"make. Believe†. It will use seven colors in its logo as part of its rebranding strategy. They will involve consumers at a greater extent in their branding process. They plan to do this by focusing on their interactive digital and social media efforts to communicate with their target consumers. Sony Ericsson connects on the web Winning new mobile customers is becoming easy by digital marketing. Two major brands one big company. Combining a Swedish company, Ericsson with one from Japan, Sony, it shares a design and communications history with history of marketing expertise and gaming, music and entertainment content on the other. Both have invested millions in this venture. The company had a slow start but it got the momentum in 2004. According to Superbrands, Sony Ericsson is among coolest brands in the UK. But in some previous years, it has been facing losses due global slow down and intense competition. Digital has played a good role in its growth. The digital budget is around 15 %. For some sets, it can go up to 30%. The early technology adopters are usually looking online for making their choices. So web is a great leap of imagination. The sector and market segment are worthwhile for its adaptation. It is a sustainable part of Sony Ericssons marketing mix and it will continue its evolution in future. The investment is easier to make, getting feedback from consumers is easy. The people in technology now are much more sophisticated than past. Technology is enabling in work and general living. By giving brand experience online, Sony Ericsson provides consumers tangibility and technology, both with explanation of the product. Now the decision making is more dependent on online sources. Marketing mobile phone is quite different from marketing other products. Networks form direct relationship with customer. Sony Ericson does not do this one-to-one connection. Sony Ericssons branding should not have impact only on consumers but also on retailers and its distributors. Mobile up gradation is more frequently than cars, so they have limited shelf life. This should be considered in any campaign. Digital marketing has solution to tackle such problems. In digital marketing, contact with customer is direct. Sony Ericsson is working closely with networks. They are mindful about direct customers as well. SE works with them to ensure that they do not market product too quickly. Sony Ericsson has been working with Dare for launching its handsets in US. Sony Ericsson has always recognized important role played by digital channels. To reduce these channels, Sony Ericsson uses a micro site for promotion of each mobile set, providing a brand experience, with having link with corporate site (www.sonyericsson.com). Corporate hub offers more details about handsets. Sonyericsson.com. is managed by Toon Diependaele, who is director of digital marketing at Sony Ericsson. Sony Ericsson has emphasis on building a global framework with having room for local implementation. It has to [provide wealth of information in 63 country areas with 30 of its main products at any one time. The user benefits are explained in non-technical way for the understanding of the common man. It is about how phone will help you in making your life easier. It can also be about benefits due to some new feature like use of MMS in T610. Design and creativity go side by side in online marketing. The product tells the idea. For example, S700 has the idea of picture quality. So its performance and functionality is the basis of the idea. The faith in digital marketing is natural for an organization founded 2001 and who is in business of selling E mobile phone. This is a digital age. And Sony Ericsson recognizes this fact in every way of its functions. Even in its logo which is dynamic. The development in this industry is at a surprising speed. So to meet the demands of changing consumer tastes, the products are dynamic too. For T610 camera phone is very popular phone, but new products in the same category have been introduced recently. Sony Ericson has become pioneer in use two sided online banners for pushing its new handsets. New generation of camera phones are following dual front strategy. They can be handled horizontally. Quickshare of pictures taken by the camera make these handsets easy to use for picture messaging. Quickshare is one way of sharing of pictures common in all Sony Ericsson mobiles through Bluetooth. Themes are extended from functionality of the handset. The K500i is based on idea that technology should save the time. For a handset with gaming, picture capability and MP3 playback will use broader theme. Users can also give suggestions on website. Sony Ericsson had an exhibition on its site, featuring picture taken by K700 by celebrities. The exhibition was also shown at an art gallery. Website is considered hub of all the activities. It helps in building positive brand image through its website. Website gives opportunity to Sony Ericsson to expand life span of its products online. This theme is should continue in future as well. Sony Ericsson is doing things differently with its online marketing. It also used iTV channel when the opportunity came on the way. The idea of advertising was very strong, although it presents a problem in production cost and accountability. Networks are usually involved in the process selling. So, coordination between Sony Ericsson and networks needs to be increased to sell. The online marketing campaigns create desire in customers. Different approach is used for different segments of the market. When dealing with smart phones, the approach has to be entirely different from a product that is at entr y level. Content such as free ringtones and java games are diving factors for the sale. It is also suggested that Sony Ericsson should be picture massaging. Sony Ericsson ha s realization that imaging trend is going to continue. About 95% percent of the mobile phones purchased in last years data shows that they were picture enabled. After much taking has been done about gaming, music phones are area where improvement is needed for better services. Music has appeal to all people; they might have different tastes in music. The ringtones are built by ensuring quality. 3G is now more talked about technology and a lot of opportunity in this segment .We need to rely on networks, but nothing has been revealed. No medium will be required for this purpose. The marketing efforts of Sony Ericsson will drive new medium. Purchases of consumer can be helpful in researching customers.. The peer group is involved in the process Handsets with higher value s. Sony Ericsson to Adopt Sony Branding Identity  ­Sony Ericsson is reformulating its strategy to move closer to its parent Sonys brand identity. It is now using phrase â€Å"make. Believe.† The decision has been taken at strategic marketing level and several strategic marketing campaigns will be launched shortly for realignment of the two. A fusion of communication and entertainment had always been focus of Sony Ericsson since start of the joint venture. This make, believe also brings Sony Ericsson closer to Sony group companies. Entertainment strategy becomes more obvious from this campaign. This ongoing transformation is lying foundation fro new outlook of Sony Ericsson. Realignment is vital part of this strategy. It has combined this strategy with a new culture of openness. This will shift the way of planning and building new prepositions. Social and digital media has brought customer closer to Sony Ericsson. Sony Ericsson shifts adspend into digital Sony Ericsson is boosting its digital adspend to  £13m as it gives the internet a more central role in its global marketing strategy. The handset manufacturer plans to increase the proportion it invests in website development and online advertising from 15% to 25% of its  £50m marketing budget during 2008. At the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Sony Ericsson head of marketing Dee Dutta outlined a strategy to strengthen the brands online presence in key international markets in an effort to remain relevant to youth consumers. Over the coming year, Sony Ericsson will begin diverting spend from TV, press and point-of-sale advertising to digital marketing around its handset brands, including Cyber-shot and Walkman. The company also intends to give the internet a crucial role in establishing its Xperia sub-brand. In the first phase, it will launch a web portal showcasing its X1 handset, which is being seen as a competitor to Apples iPhone. Sony Ericsson currently works with Dare on digital global projects, but Dutta is considering appointing a roster of agencies to handle the increased workload. Digital will soon be the de facto method by which we communicate and engage with consumers, he said. A strong online presence is crucial to the future of our brand on a global scale. Sony Ericsson is the worlds fifth-biggest mobile phone manufacturer behind Nokia, Motorola, Samsung and LG. The company hopes its digital strategy shift will help it gain ground on rivals. Gareth Jones, Sony Ericsson realigns brand in next stage of company transformation * Evolves visual identity and brand values as next stage of business transformation * Shifts consumer engagement to digital, viral and social media platforms * Aligns with Sony Group companies under new ‘make.believe brand message London September 3rd, 2009 Sony Ericsson today announced the next stage of its on-going business transformation with the realignment of its external visual identity and brand values in order to deliver its vision of becoming the Communication Entertainment brand. The company also confirmed its adoption of the newly announced Sony brand message ‘make.believe in all consumer communication in order to reinforce its entertainment credentials and collaboration with the Sony Group. Fusing communication and entertainment has been at the core of Sony Ericssons offering since the start of the joint venture.make.believe aligns Sony Ericsson with the Sony Group companies and reflects the coming together of communication and entertainment. By re-aligning our brand and adopting ‘make. believe we further highlight our entertainment offering to consumers, said Cathy Davies, Head of Brand Strategy at Sony Ericsson. Our ongoing business transformation is laying the foundations for the new Sony Ericsson. Our re-aligned brand is a vital part of this strategy. Combined with a new culture of openness it marks a shift in the way we plan and build our propositions, as well as how we invite consumers to engage with us via digital and social media platforms, said Lennard Hoornik, Head of Marketing at Sony Ericsson. Visually, Sony Ericsson will expand the appeal of its globally recognized ‘liquid identity logo by adding seven new color variations plus a new a ‘liquid energy flowing from the logo to make it more playful and visually appealing for the digital arena. The company also aims to adopt a more open and questioning attitude by inviting greater consumer participation in the brand through a stronger focus on interactive digital and social media channels. A series of strategic marketing campaigns this autumn will launch the realigned visual identity and showcase the start of make. believe at Sony Ericsson, including a ‘spark something viral campaign for the new Satio, Aino and Yari phones and a global activation campaign as the official global handset sponsor for the 2010 FIFA World CupTM to capture the passion of football fans around the world. http://www.fiercewireless.com/press-releases/sony-ericsson-realigns-brand-next-stage-company-transformation Sony Ericsson promulgation of a new strategy Sony Ericsson has been hard on the global economic slowdown, but the company said that the new strategy, focusing on services and entertainment, that he hoped to bring him back on track. On Sunday evening, here on the eve of GSMA Mobile World Congress, Mobile Phone Maker, which is a joint venture between Sony Maker of consumer electronics and telecommunications equipment Maker Ericsson, unveiled a new strategy that he said fuses communications and entertainment. † The new strategy is that, Sony Ericsson calls â€Å"Entertainment Unlimited. Managers have been fine detail at a press conference, but the company is planning a strategy that will integrate mobile phones with PCs and the percentage of TV entertainment content. In this strategy, the company announced MediaGo, which is a continuation of its PlayNow music service. MediaGo added service that allows users to download movies to their PC and then transfer them to your Sony Ericsson. The company announced W995 Walkman phone that can play the function of the length of films. This service will also enable the transmission of other media such as music, photos and podcasts. The service also allows users to synchronize their phone music library automatically subscribe to podcasts, and automatically convert files for best quality playback. The company also introduced stealthily peek at the new high goals, touch-screen phone called Idou. This 12.1-megapixel camera phone, supposedly designed for all types of multimedia functionality. But details about the product are limited until he runs in the second half of next year. Nevertheless, the leaders said that these two new phones will play a much more active role in the companys â€Å"new† strategy for more effective integration of entertainment on mobile devices and other devices throughout the home. Whats interesting about this supposedly new strategy is that it does not sound very new. Sony Ericsson was formed in 2001 as a joint venture between media and telecom equipment Maker. And since 2005, he was selling his Sony Walkman phones that allow people to listen to digital music on the go. But now the company argues that its â€Å"Entertainment Unlimited† strategy takes things to a new level, where users can share and access to media of different products from mobile phones to personal computers to their television screens. â€Å"All that we have done to date has led us to this issue,† said Lennard Hoornik, head of global marketing and vice president at Sony Ericsson. â€Å"Weve created a music phone category in 2005, selling more than 100 million phones Walkman, and we are ready to open the next chapter in the development of the company.† It looks like a good idea, but it happens to one, that the share of its competitors. Nokia, the worlds largest mobile phone Maker, develops throughout the Ovi services platform called for more than a year that lets users share files from PC to phone and vice versa. And one of the things that are done in the Apple iPhone has been so successful its integration with existing media iTunes Store, where users have access to music, videos and podcasts. While Sony Ericsson strategy can not be revolutionary, adding more value to their products is likely required to move. The entire mobile phone market took a beating in the second half of the year, as consumers bought fewer mobile phones because of economic problems. And this trend will continue until the market starts to pick up. Recession hits Sony Ericsson is particularly difficult. In the fourth quarter of 2008 the company lost 187 million euros, or about $ 248 million. That compared with a profit of about 373 million euros in the fourth quarter of 2007. But it is difficult to say if this â€Å"new† strategy will enable us greatly. One bright spot in the mobile phone landscape in the next couple of years, seems to be smartphones. Market research firm IDC recently reported that while the overall mobile phone sales fell by 12.6 percent worldwide in the fourth quarter sales of smart phones actually work 22.5 per cent. The problem that Sony Ericsson is that it is not very well compete in the smartphone category. Last year at the World Congress of mobile devices, the company has made a lot of Buzz with their first device, Windows Mobile, Xperia X1. As of November, the phone was available in North America. But the problem is that he does not propose any major carrier in the U.S. and $ 800 prices for the unlocked and unsubsidized phone is too high for consumers, who can get iPhone 3G on AT T, BlackBerry Storm with Verizon Wireless, or Google Android G1 from T-Mobile USA for the subsidized price of $ 200 with a two-year contract. Given the fact that the smartphone market, where all the action is expected to be over the next couple of years, it surprising that Sony Ericsson will select the best feature phones to connect their new â€Å"Unlimited entertainment† strategy. Details are still too scarce to know exactly how this will shake out. But Sony Ericsson needs a convincing and accessible smartphones that can take advantage of these entertainment and communication capabilities. And to compete effectively in this market, but now need to expand its distribution outside of Europe and Japan. In particular, it should cool and affordable smartphone for North American consumers. http://www.wojianfei.net/sony-ericsson-promulgation-of-a-new-strategy/ Sony Ericsson unveils marketing plans Sony is rolling out the brand message â€Å"make.believe† (read as â€Å"make-dot-believe†) that will feature in advertising across its businesses Sony Ericsson, Sony Computer Entertainment, Sony BMG, Sony Pictures and brands such as Playstation 3 and Vaio. Lennard Hoornik, Sony Ericsson corporate VP and global head of marketing, says the new tagline aims to reflect the message that â€Å"anything you can imagine, you can make real†. It has also updated its visual identity, adding seven new colour variants to the logo, as well as a new â€Å"liquid energy† visual flowing from the logo. It was designed by Iris. Cathy Davies, head of brand strategy adds the brand developments will aim to give the handset maker a more playful identity as well communicating with consumers in a â€Å"more emotive way†. It is part of the companys ongoing repositioning strategy to be known as a â€Å"communications entertainment† brand. Sony Ericsson is planning to invest an estimated  £7m in the fourth quarter to promote its new hero handsets, the Japanese named phones Satio, Aino and Yari. The global launch will be spearheaded in the UK, with work created by Saatchi Saatchi. It will be first time the handset maker will feature the â€Å"make.believe† tagline in its advertising. It plans to launch a major above-the-line campaign, as well as digital and experiential flash mob activity centered around an attempt to bring space hoppers back into popular culture. http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/ Sony-Ericsson Declared Most Eco-Friendly Phone Technology company Sony-Ericsson was recently given the environmental nod, as its cellular phones were declared as one of the most environmentally-friendly technological gadgets. In its study Searching for green electronics, environmental organization Greenpeace called for computer and phone manufacturers to put forward their most eco-friendly products, ranging from cellular phones to notebooks to gaming consoles. After examining the products environment-related aspects such as amounts of dangerous chemicals, energy efficiency, recyclability and marketing strategies, Greenpeace heralded Sony-Ericssons phones, out of 37 other products from other manufacturers, to have obtained top honors for the most environmentally-friendly gadgets. According to TMCnet, Sony-Ericssons phones received a 5.3 rating, out of a possible 10. The generally passable score, according to Greenpeace, was acknowledged as the highest, considering studys low response turnout. The results, however, were considered to be a step forward to technologys adaptability to the demands of a clean environment, and the group recognized that encouragement was a key part of the study that must be further pushed. Since undertaking the survey we have already witnessed the arrival of greener products in the market, such as the Apples new laptop, the MacBook Air, and Nokias new phone, the Evolve, Greenbang quoted Yannick Vicare of Greenpeace Manufacturers still have a long way to go, Vicaire added, but more and more now are taking the environmental impacts of their products seriously. Sony Ericssons mobile music strategy Music has become one of the main drivers for 3G and large data entertainment services for the mobile phone end-user and will continue to gain in importance. Sony Ericsson is committed to maximizing the value and experience for the end-user and to increasing revenue for operators, and the Walkman family of mobile phones do this through music. Music-related services, content and applications are fundamental parts of our overall content strategy. We believe that super-distribution of music is the way forward. By this I mean the easy sharing of music between friends legally downloaded/transferred or by creating your own all combined with applications that can manage or personalize the music experience on your mobile phone. Even though the Walkman portfolio is the main focus of Sony Ericssons music activities, music solutions for our other series of mobile phones are just as relevant. Network limitations, product market reach, end-user choice and model-version exclusivity to certain operators mean that we need to make sure that the music experience is as good as possible across our product portfolio. Wemonitor the DRM standards set by the industry and strive to have products that are media source, and hence DRM, agnostic. All current Sony Ericsson mobile phones support the standard Open Mobile Alliances (OMA) DRM v 1.0. When actively using branded music (i.e. official copyright or other rights protected), DRM is the key for everyone who intends to play a role in this market. For the development of applications where branded music is only handled passively, e.g. media players, this is up to the developer, as long as it doesnt have a negative impact on the DRM protection of the music flowing through or being used by the application. The coming convergence of fixed and mobile broadband network services combined with the convergence of traditional audio-visual consumer electronics products with mobile phones will have a massive effect on the mobilemusic market. We foresee a tremendous growth. Sony Ericsson pins hopes on entertainment strategy At the core of its new strategy is something Sony Ericsson calls Entertainment Unlimited. Executives were thin on details at the press conference in Barcelona, but the company is planning a strategy that will bring together mobile phones with PCs and the TV to share entertainment content. As part of this strategy, the company announced MediaGo, which is an extension of its PlayNow Music service. MediaGo adds a service that lets users download movies onto their PC and then transfer them over to a Sony Ericsson device. The company announced the W995 Walkman phone, which will be able play the feature-length movies. The service will also allow the transfer of other media, such as music, photos and podcasts. The service will also allow users to sync their phones music library automatically, subscribe to podcasts and auto-convert files for the best-quality playback. The company also gave a sneak peek at a new high-end, touch-screen phone, called the Idou. This 12.1-megapixel camera phone is supposedly designed for all kinds of multimedia functionality. Details about the product are scarce, but it is due to launch in the second half of next year. That said, executives alluded to the fact that these two new phones will play a much larger role in the companys new strategy to better integrate entertainment on mobile devices and other devices throughout the home. Yet this supposedly new strategy for the company doesnt sound entirely new. Sony Ericsson was formed in 2001 as a joint venture between a media company and telecommunications equipment maker. And since 2005, it has been selling its Sony Walkman phones, which allow people to listen to digital music on the go. The company claims its Entertainment Unlimited strategy takes things to a new level, where consumers can share and access media across multiple products from mobile phones to PCs to their TV screens. Everything that we have done to date has brought us to this point, said Lennard Hoornik, head of global marketing and a vice president at Sony Ericsson. We created the music-phone category in 2005 selling over 100 million Walkman phones, and we are now ready to unveil the next chapter in the evolution of the company. The idea happens is one that its competitors seem to share. Nokia, the worlds largest mobile-phone maker, has been developing an entire service platform called Ovi for more than a year that allows users to share files from the PC to the phone and vice versa. And one of the things that has made Apples iPhone so successful has been its integration with the existing iTunes media store, where users get access to music, videos and podcasts. While Son

Ritas Change and her Relationship with Frank Essay -- Educating Rita

Rita's Change and her Relationship with Frank How does Rita’s character change and her relationship with Frank alter during the course of the play? â€Å"Educating Rita† is the story of a married working-class woman, Rita, trying to better and discover herself by attending an open university course. The play follows her as her character and relationship with her tutor, Frank develop and change until she finally passes her exams and they part. Rita completely transforms herself through her education and by the end she can choose what to do next rather then being swept along by circumstances and everyone else’s expectations. Rita says that she only wants a baby when she’s got choice and by educating herself she is getting choices. Willy Russell writes that â€Å"education gives you a choice† and I think by this he means lots of different types of choice. Firstly it gives you choices on careers and your future jobs, you have a lot more options with education, education helps you see different views and different ways of thinking and teaches you about different choices. You can choose whether or not to accept them. If you are educated on a subject you won’t feel ignorant and you can choose if you want to express your views or not, instead of keeping quiet because you don’t know. In educating Rita there are lots of examples of Rita becoming more able to choose to express her views because she has been educated. When she encounters a group of students on the lawn in Act 2 scene 2, a student starts talking â€Å"rubbish† and Rita makes a choice to correct him. She tells Frank that she thought â€Å"I could keep walkin’ and ignore it or I can put him straight. So I put him straight†, the uneducated Rita wouldn’t have had th... ... me mother’s, I might even have a baby. I dunno, I’ll make a decision, I’ll choose.† This shows how Rita is at a point where she can choose what to do next, she is confident and although she admits the exam might have been â€Å"worthless† it still gives her a choice. Her education has given her the chance to take control of her own life. I think Willy Russell clearly shows how education can change people and how others around them react to the changes, that’s one of the main themes of the play. Willy Russell grew up in a place where he wasn’t expected to learn or be anything more then a factory worker and he saved up money and took a course to help him become a writer. I think that Willy’s attitude to education comes through in the events and situations Rita’s faced with, sure education gives you choices: but you have to make sure you make the right ones! Rita's Change and her Relationship with Frank Essay -- Educating Rita Rita's Change and her Relationship with Frank How does Rita’s character change and her relationship with Frank alter during the course of the play? â€Å"Educating Rita† is the story of a married working-class woman, Rita, trying to better and discover herself by attending an open university course. The play follows her as her character and relationship with her tutor, Frank develop and change until she finally passes her exams and they part. Rita completely transforms herself through her education and by the end she can choose what to do next rather then being swept along by circumstances and everyone else’s expectations. Rita says that she only wants a baby when she’s got choice and by educating herself she is getting choices. Willy Russell writes that â€Å"education gives you a choice† and I think by this he means lots of different types of choice. Firstly it gives you choices on careers and your future jobs, you have a lot more options with education, education helps you see different views and different ways of thinking and teaches you about different choices. You can choose whether or not to accept them. If you are educated on a subject you won’t feel ignorant and you can choose if you want to express your views or not, instead of keeping quiet because you don’t know. In educating Rita there are lots of examples of Rita becoming more able to choose to express her views because she has been educated. When she encounters a group of students on the lawn in Act 2 scene 2, a student starts talking â€Å"rubbish† and Rita makes a choice to correct him. She tells Frank that she thought â€Å"I could keep walkin’ and ignore it or I can put him straight. So I put him straight†, the uneducated Rita wouldn’t have had th... ... me mother’s, I might even have a baby. I dunno, I’ll make a decision, I’ll choose.† This shows how Rita is at a point where she can choose what to do next, she is confident and although she admits the exam might have been â€Å"worthless† it still gives her a choice. Her education has given her the chance to take control of her own life. I think Willy Russell clearly shows how education can change people and how others around them react to the changes, that’s one of the main themes of the play. Willy Russell grew up in a place where he wasn’t expected to learn or be anything more then a factory worker and he saved up money and took a course to help him become a writer. I think that Willy’s attitude to education comes through in the events and situations Rita’s faced with, sure education gives you choices: but you have to make sure you make the right ones!

United NAtions :: essays research papers

United Nations â€Å"5 W’s† What: The political organization established 1945 by the allied powers who were later joined by other nations Who: Today there are 191 nations in the United Nations but It was originally started by those who were fighting against the axis powers. Where: It was decided to have it located in the Eastern United States, they bought land with money given by John D. Rockefeller Jr. along the East River in NYC. When: The United Nations was officially coined such in 1941 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The term was not used officially until Jan. 1, 1942, when 26 states joined in the Declaration by the United Nations. Why: The war effort needed to be joined so that they didn’t make peace separately. The need for an international organization to replace the League of Nations was not stated until Oct. 30, 1943. Six Bodies: General Assembly: It meets in regular yearly sessions under a president elected from among the representatives. The regular session usually begins on the third Tuesday in September and ends in mid-December. Special sessions can be convened at the request of the Security Council, of a majority of UN members, or, if the majority concurs, of a single member Security Council: It is charged with maintaining peace and security between nations. While other organs of the UN only make recommendations to member governments, the Security Council has the power to make decisions which member governments must carry out under the United Nations Charter. Economic and Social Council: It assists the General Assembly in promoting international economic and social cooperation and development. Trusteeship Council: It was established to help ensure that non-self-governing territories were administered in the best interests of the inhabitants and of international peace and security. They suspended operation in 1994. Secretariat: It provides studies, information, and facilities needed by United Nations bodies for their meetings.