Dhimmis

Jews and Christians in the Middle East were historically referred by Moslems as ahl al-kitab or People of The Book. As the early Moslem conglomerate conquered the land and expanded, they became very tolerant of these people, and adopted different laws and regulations to imply them in their civilization. Those willing to live under a Muslim rule were coined Dhimmis. In this essay I will fly the coop to question #2. I will discuss some of these rights, obligations and restrictions go under on these Dhimmis. I will also analyze whether the Muslim Empire created a utopia of different creeds working for a common civilization, or was the reality of Muslim tolerance in make sense different than in theory. The Umayyad Caliph Umar ibn Abd al-Azizs (Umar II) was an extremely venerating Caliph while still tolerant of Dhimmis, as prospicient as they were willing to live under Muslim rule. He created a treaty in 717, referred to as Pact of Umar II, where he defined the status of these groups in Muslim states by saddle clam legal rights, exemptions, obligations and restrictions. The word Dhimmi is an Arabic word meaning protected. Guaranteeing Dhimmis ad hoc rights such as protection of their life, wealth, honor, and residence in these Islamic states justifies the term. Dhimmis were free to worship their own religion, choose their own spiritual leaders, and were given immunity to existence enslaved. These were important freedoms given to Jews inquisitively as they were welcome to return to Jerusalem after universe exiled by the Romans. In addition to these rights and freedoms, Dhimmis were also exempt from phalanx service, religious duties pertaining to Islam, Muslim marital and divorce laws, and, importantly, Zakat (charity). Instead of Zakat, which impress all Muslims to pay 2.5% of their income, Dhimmis did have the obligations to pay a pennant tax, Jizia, and a land tax, Kharaj. Most Muslim rulers viewed these taxes as echt proof of the non-Muslims acceptanc! e of the authority of the...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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