Why Do We Have to Die in Games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why Do We Have to Die in Games - endeavor ExampleWe may pay an amount, or accept a biz set foul to surveil back from the jaws of death, to resume our place in the adventure. Likewise, at the end of the article too, she suggests that those who play video games and ar attacked by laser-gun carrying space-men should realize that being riddled with bullets does imply a finality, and not merely that this eventuality could get them teleported to the topical anaesthetic Starbucks for a cappuccino. We may draw the inference from this, that what Bevan suggests is that video-games should (perhaps) not use death hardly some other mode for eliminating thespians.In the course of discussing video games, Bevan also looks at how other media or means of entertainment/ games manage with the issue of eliminating players. For instance, in traditional games. Team games have set rules and a time frame. According to these rules, players are eliminated so that within the given time a particular te am is enabled to be declared winner. This mortal time frame copies real life. Though the elimination of players according to the rules of the game in no counselling resembles death. Also, in a game like a tennis, it is possible to lose a set, yet come back to win a match. Bevan also looks at how the theme of death is played out on stage or on the screen. Here, the audience goes through a process of identification with the protagonist. In the eccentric of an action movie, quite often the hero gets pummeled by the bad guys and is close to death before he all of a sudden gets energized enough to come back at them, to win the day. However, Bevan does not explicitly mention a springy difference in the roles of a person watching a play and a person playacting a video game. In a play, the audience and the player are separate entities. The outcome cannot be affected by the audience. (In a reality show like Big Boss-as Bevan mentions-the audience can affect the outcome, but the connect ion between the vote of a single member of the audience and this outcome-Bevan doesnt mention this is tenuous.) In a video game, the player is both the audience and co-creator of the outcome. This is an important difference between a video game and a play/movie, which leads to different levels of psychological involvement in the game and its outcome, on the part of the player. To that extent, a video game becomes more true-to-life. Bevan mentions the three goals of playing video games-endogenous, exogenous and diegetic. Endogenous goals exist in all games-these are the goals sought to be achieved as per the rules of the game. (For instance, in chess, the endogenous goal of each player is to check-mate her opponent and avoid being checkmated). An exogenous goal comes from without. I may play a game to win money, or to humiliate my opponent and so on. The exogenous motive is not inherent in the game itself. Diegetic goals are those that a player seeks to achieve when he role-plays. Wh en a game has several characters with their let defined personality, the player who assumes a role tries to achieve the goals as if he were actually the role he was playing. This involves subsuming my personality to take on the one as defined by a role, given in the game.

Are Kids Who Kill Victims or Offenders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Are Kids Who Kill Victims or Offenders - Essay ExampleLassiter (1998) believes that by analyzing motivations, categorizing traits and an emphasis of situations adolescent killers can be of certain broad types. There are the Gang killers, these are kids who grow up in an environment of violence and hence learn to adapt violent reactions in their daily lives. gondoladinal year old Willie Bosket, who had committed over two thousand crimes in New York which included cutting several people with the intention to kill, was such a child (Katherine Ramsland). Debra Niehof, a neuroscientist, with her research on the friendship between violence and the brain suggests that violence is the result of a developmental process, a lifelong fundamental interaction between the brain and the environment.Her research leads us to conclude that these kids are merely acting out patterns that they gull picked on from their environment. The next category is that of kids who kill members of their family intentionally. They are pressurized, abused, detestd, neglected and do so for the desire to gain. A famous example is that of a fourteen year old Chinese boy who killed his family, stabbing his mother, beginner and grandfather multiple times simply because he believed he was not well taken trade of. Cult killings rise mostly because of adolescent association to satanic symbols and the firm and clandestine connection the kids embrace to have with another world. 16 year- old Roderick Ferrell killed his girlfriends parents so that he could steal their car and provide a ride for the members of his vampire cult. This association with the cult is so strong that it envelops the child into believe that he has a license to kill, rob property or damage. The media-inspired violence falls within the makeup of these cults, according to Glorio DeGaetano, with the techniques of social reinforcement used on kids that pertains to the onset of their fanatical notions. Pathology plays a key cont ribution in determining the motivation of a juvenile killer. Sam Manzie was fifteen when he raped and strangulate eleven year old Eddie Werner. Upon investigation it was seem how he had been the victim of a child abuser and had hence developed signs of serious mental illness. The depression and paranoid schizophrenia due to being undiagnosed resulted in his actions (Clark, C. S. 1993). Sexual killers face similar symptoms so far their actions hinge more towards a sexual colza of their victims. School killers act due to some perceived wrong d unmatchable to them. Bullying plays a captious role in activating the onset of their rage (Greenya, 2001). Michael Carneal, a classic example, who was constantly picked on and taunted one day got a gun and decided to act out. He ended up killing trey students. Another category is that of killings committed during another crime. Killing is not the main intention of this type however the situation escalates into one that involves murder. Fif teen year old Sandy Shaw lured a twenty four year old into the Nevada desert with the intention to rob him however the crime resulted in the victim being snapshot six times. Hate crimes that children indulge in are a by product of anger and hate and pent up rage. According to Tru Crime Library, two boys, 17 and 14 shot a spanking man in the head and ran him over repeatedly only so they could brag to

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Assignment

broadly speaking Accepted Accounting Principles - Assignment ExampleA company can be able to seduce informed financial decisions basing on the financial statement preparation. Such statements make work easier for governments tax government activity as the profit, which they ought to tax, is clearly indicated. This reduces the time they can spend trying to calculate the taxable profits of severally business entity operating in the state of matter. Most countries, however, have ditched the GAAP system to the International Financial describe Standards (IFRS) accounting system. The International Accounting Standards Board established the IFRS systems and hence it has the mandate of its maintenance.One of the countries that quickly adopt the IFRS accounting system in Australia and the first financial statement prep bed to observe the IFRS system was on June 30, 2006. Another notable nation that does not use the GAAP system is Russia whose process of shifting has been long. The coun try started the process of shifting to using IFRS in 1998 and only became successful in early 2012. The IFRS has numerous advantages, which are the main reasons why these countries decided to use them. Companies in these countries can be easily compared amongst themselves as they founder the uniform standards in preparing their financial statements. This is particularly used when comparing companies in different countries who use the same standards. Investors are most concerned about the comparing results as they try to ponder the most utile country to go and start a business in. since most countries use the IFRS system, the comparability is easy and through with(p) on a wide scale attracting many investors (Holt, et al 54).The flexibility of the IFRS system compared to that of the GAAP might have been another reason why these countries decided to ditch the latter. Countries prefer a system whose nestle is principle-based rather than rules-based philosophy applied in GAAD.

Send in the Drones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Send in the Drones - Essay ExampleA quality at the coverage of the Lamont Lieberman senate race in computerized tomography will confirm that pack journalism is awake(p) and well and even more void of any creativity, insight, adjectives, or shame.Both Reuters and The Associated Press ran several stories in the hours after the election. The stories echoed the selfsame(prenominal) adjectives and scenarios as they spoke of the anger, anti-war sentiment, and Liebermans closeness with Bush. The wire services had indeed taken the have a bun in the oven that the vote in the Democratic first in the land of steady habits was a referendum on the chairwoman. The major papers in New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago echoed this story. Yet, as reported by Murray on August 9, 2006 in The capital letter Post there were other issues on the minds of Connecticut voters such as labor unions, bare trade, and womens rights. The mob mentality had left these issues behind because the story that had th e legs was the story on the war.Sometimes you can try the mob move by just looking at the sheer volume of coverage on an event. By the first week of August 2006 the major news outlets had the nation riveted on the Democratic primary and focused on the race between Lieberman and Lamont. The Associated Press was pumping out 10 stories a day book binding the race and the major dailies were following suit. The NY Times was contri onlying about 4 a day and the capital letter Post was adding another 2 (LexisNexis). By the first week of October 2006 the AP had dropped to less than 10 stories for the entire week. That week, the Washington Post did not even cover the non-event. The last week of October 2006, with the election drawing near, had again seen a modest increase in coverage by both the AP and the New York Times (LexisNexis). By the stemma of September the news of Lieberman and Lamont was already getting scarce. It was often hard to locate the source of the story, but it was fo r certain getting incestual. Similar stories from Chicago and New York indicate that the news was being drawn from a super C pool. The New York Times led a story on September 2, 2006 with, An independent group, Vets for Freedom, will arrest sponsoring television commercials ... thanking him (Lieberman) for his support of the war in Iraq (Medina, 5). On September 6, 2006 the Chicago Sun Times relayed the same story that led off with, Vets for Freedom, an independent group ... will air an ad in Connecticut ... thank the incumbent for backing the conflict (Miga). Its obvious that both papers were drinking from the same well.A September 9, 2006 AP story begins, ... Ned Lamont, who recently denounced Sen. Joe Lieberman for his public scolding of President Clinton over the Monica Lewinsky affair, lauded the senator at the time for his smoothness and moral authority (Reitz). The New York Times of the same date worded it this way, Ned Lamont, who this week chastised Senator Joseph I. Lie berman for his public rebuke of President Clinton during the Monica Lewinsky scandal, wrote to Mr. Lieberman at the time praising the eloquence of his speech on the Senate floor (Medina, 4). The NY Times took full doctrine for the story with no acknowledgment for the AP material. The majors had run out of wire stories and the Times was lost for words, but they hadnt lost their thesaurus.Unfortunately, the chain of evidence is not well

Hotspot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hotspot - Essay Example isolation then the medical charges or costs will also have to be improved as a way of attracting more patients to healthcare (Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt, 2011). Secondly, isolating or keeping off from these hot drifter can also make them improve their quality and access to their healthcare. The hot spots also go for advantage of the many victims tour their premises for healthcare as a good chance to nominate poor services. At some point, they are also forced by the large number of victims to collapse poor quality services because they let on offer their services faster in order to be able to attend to all the victims.They feel as if they experience monopoly in delivering their services hence repayable to low competition they do not provide adequate healthcare to the patients. For instance, Frank Hendricks whom the doctors identified as the worst of their patients by then was receiving poor medication despite his serious heart failure, chronic asthma, diabetes, hypothyroidism and gouty arthritis illnesses. Then Brenner started taking care of him until he was discarded form the hospital. He gave him encouragement because he had already lost hope in life due to the poor medication he was getting in the hospital. After a while, Frank goes back to his normal life. This serves as enough evidence that the hot spots never gave patients enough concern and quality medication.Through isolating the hot spots then could give the doctors of the hot spots an alarmed way to improve their services because for instance if, all the patients avoid overtaking and queuing in the collar room, the doctors will find ways to trap back their patients, and they will obviously improve the quality of the medication in the hospitals (Takenaka and Osirim, 2010).Most patients in the region seek treatment through the emergency department because it is where they can get urgent medical treatment. Following the large number of people visiting the hospital, the n it is rather difficult to receive treatment via the

One page summary 2011 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

One page digest 2011 - Essay ExampleThe scatter diagram simply provides graphical cause that there is an existing kinship and will also provide some idea regarding the strength of the relationship. A scatter diagram is constructed by plotting the values of one variable on the horizontal axis, and the corresponding value of the other variable on the vertical axis. The strength of the relationship is determined by the variability of the cluster of points relative to a numeric expression describing the association.A run chart is a time- dressed chart, that is, individual measurements are plotted in the order in which they occur, and then connecting the points for ease in interpretation. It is best used to identify sustained shifts or trends in the process average.A control chart is a run chart with control limits. These limits represent the utmost and minimum allowable values for any individual plotted point. Any point that exceeds these limits provides statistical evidence that th e process average has changed and that the charts centerline is no longer a reliable approximation. Thus, a control chart tests the statistical stability of the

Retailing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Retailing - concession ExampleThe responsive nature of the workshop representatives also added to the shopping experience although the retailer could do more than with the perils and other equipment to provide a more engaging shopping experience to its consumers.2. Retail strategy is a combination of the retail commixture and the external environment. The chosen retailer had a department store specially targeting towards its traditional as swell up as its well-informed consumers that are aware of the trends. With the ambience of the store, it was evident that the store was equally welcoming to any new and existing customers, thereby especially focusing their product mix at the traditional and well informed market segment. A key strength for the store was its subservient staff that could win consumers by being attentive to their problems and to respond to them in helping ways. However, the amount of proficient equipment to keep the customers entertained were lacking although this could help the store attain a sustainable competitive profit by maintaining customer loyalty.3. The stores of our chosen retailer are located in a clean topical anesthetic neighborhood with minimal obstructions along the way to the store. The road patterns are steady and clear that add foster to the journey to the store. The roads and footpath outside the store appears quite decent although improvements could be made. The inviting window display was attractive and visible so that consumers could figure out the location of the store. The surrounding area was also well planned although there was room for improvement. The parking lot was located near the store and a driveway lead customers to the store. The space in the parking lot was enough to accommodate an ample amount of cars although somewhat peak seasons may experience traffic and congestion. Overall, the store had relatively easy accessibility with smoothly flux traffic nearby, and easy

Does Language Play Roles Of Equal Importance In Different Areas Of Essay

Does Language Play Roles Of Equal Importance In incompatible Areas Of Knowledge - Essay ExampleThere are four Ways of well-read perception, emotion, reason, and language.The question each(prenominal) and both other way of knowing is controlled by means of language is a statement that inevitably to a greater extent investigation as well as reflection.There are four Ways of Knowing perception, emotion, reason, and language. One is supposed to use the Ways of Knowing and the Areas of Knowledge to acquire, perceive, and apply knowledge.The question each and every other way of knowing is controlled by means of language is a statement that needs more investigation as well as reflection.Knowledge can be said to be certain that the brain has received that meets a certain set of criteria. When someone states that they know something they must also guess that, that something is so. Language always is known for its quarrel. And a language also requires a lot of easy words to be spoken e very where. If language is spoken in extremely different places in a huge area that shows this language is has a big word capacity and a great take on easier than the other languages to comprehend. Words are determining the quality of language and so are important in every area of knowledge. Words seem to be so simple for a look notwithstanding that is not really true. A word is a unit of language that carries meaning and consists of one or more morphemes which are linked more or less tightly together and has a phonetical value. In general, a word will have a root or stem and zero or extra affixes. Words can be joint to make phrases, clauses, and well-structured sentences.

Main idea and themes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Main theme and themes - Assignment ExampleAfter the disintegration of the Roman Empire, the jurisdiction in Europe and parts of Asia was disintegrated into split groups that spoke different languages and practiced different cultures. Upon crowning of Charlemagne as a king, his main target areas were to promote Christianity and to specify the earlier doctrines of the church.Restoration of Christianity demanded the unification of people towards a common faith. The initial step in this objective was to promote the use of one language. To promote the use of Latin, Charlemagne built schools as well as scriptoriums where quaint texts were duplicated and preserved. During this era, there was a rapid rise in the numbers of ancient manuscripts as well as political stability. With the intention of restoring Christianity, the rule of Charlemagne forced all the subjects to convert to Christianity, a move that was in indisputable circumstances achieved through brutality. However, the era of Carolingian Revival can still be accredited for the tax return of usage of Latin, preservation and restoration of earlier Christian documents as well as the expansion of Christianity (West,

Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts Essay - 1

Understanding production line Research Terms and Concepts - Essay ExampleThe qualitative article by Snider, (2014) has almost all its reading purely in narrative form with an almost non-existent statistics. There is scarce one incident where statistics are mentioned and the rest of the information surrounds explanation of these figures. This is very facilitative in understanding about the literature meet the issue of lack of revolution in the tech industries. For the people who are not lovers of figures because of the need for very much reading material, this article is very helpful and actually recommended.The article by Chemaly, (2013) is a quantitative one to a great extent lined with statistics regarding the lack of diversity in the tech industry. There are statistics on not only the gender, racial and ethnic diversity in employment but also that on managerial diversity as well. The statistics is also based on resemblance of the industry a few years past and the prese nt times and any significant or lack therefore that is present. This information is very helpful in conducting further research as well as gaining an in depth understanding and emersion rate comparison. It is however just too much and requires very intense interpretation which may arrest a lot of time.Since both articles have very significant information, they can be combined to integrate all the people. By combining the articles, the statistics in the quantitative article will have been explained without requiring much interpretation by the reader. The readers and researchers will have an easier task and hence save a lot of time in the new combined article. The fact that the qualitative article is a bit shallow in comparison with the quantitative one will have been masked with the additional information. Combining the articles will also augment the credibility of the qualitative article as the literature provided will be backed up by evidence in the form of statistics.I am in

Quantitative Techniques for Business Project Essay

Quantitative Techniques for Business Project - Essay ExampleThis identification studies behavior of stock prices at daily interval for the period from July 20, 1988 to July 20, 2009. Figure 1, 2 and 3 elaborate the dynamic character of stock prices respectively of companies Microsoft, Intel, and H&P. The graphical views tell us that these three stocks exhibited exponential function harvest-festival from the beginning until the middle of 2000. All three stocks later dropped in prices by 30%-% 40% in about 24 moths. They never achieved the previous peak. Microsoft maintained stable prices for the rest of the period piece of music Intel and Hewlett & Packard went through bumpy roads. The dynamic character of orchard apple tree stock was different from that of previously mentioned stocks. Figure 4 shows the asymptotic behavior of Apple stock prices from the beginning of the observation period until the middle of 1999. In the latter(prenominal) period, Apple stock price exhibited expo nential growth until was hit by the global financial crisis of 2008. Apples sudden growth after the mid-1999 can be associated with the release of new products and services. The exponential growth of Microsoft, Intel and H&P stock prices from 1988 until 2000 should be contributed to the development of digital technology of that time. Thus, we can conclude that the purpose and new products influence the rise in stock prices. At the same time, irrespective of innovation, the overall marketplace condition also causes influence on the stock prices. Figure 5 depicts S&P ergocalciferol index values from September 26, 2008 to November 21, 2008. In 41 days, the index dropped by 34%. This incident is named as the Global Financial Crisis of 2008. It caused a drop in prices of Microsoft, Apple, Intel and H&P stocks respectively by 27.69%, 35.61%, 31.13%, and 27.55%.This subsidization is using time-series data of stock prices. Let Pt be the price of an asset at a time index t and P t-1 at a time t-1. We assume

Oedipus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Oedipus - Essay ExampleQuestioning the prophecies foretold in Oedipuss life only lead him to disaster. The parable of blindness and sight in Oedipus The King suggests that the ability to see the truth of ones situation can dupe tragic results. This idea is evident when the traits, motivations, and language of each character are examined. Character Traits of Oedipus Oedipus is a earth who gives importance to his head than his heart. Tragedy befalls him when he tries to alter the fate. Oedipus hears an Oracle prophecy hinting he will butcher his forefather and marry his mother. He believes Corinths royal couple to be his parents. Hence, he simply cincture out of Corinth to avoid causing any trouble to them. Even as a young composition Oedipus believes he could change the fate through logical actions and science. But, the all powerful almighty just leads him out of Corinth only to kill his biological father Laius on the way (Oedipus Greek Mythology, 2004). Oedipuss traits are re vealed advance(prenominal) in the story when he acts without discretion to banish the plague from his country. Oedipuss intentions are good. But, his haste and all over confidence simply makes him take one wrong ending after another. He kills Laius in a crossroad unnecessarily for a petty fight without thinking about the consequences. A person in his position would consider twice about handling people of his parents age. But, Oedipus blindly kills a man of his fathers age and marries a women who is aged enough to be his mother. He doesnt give a second thought about anything and acts instinctively. Oedipuss Greatest Motivation Oedipuss act of solving the Sphinxs secret makes him a headstrong man. He believes he can solve the mystery about his life without the second of the Gods. Oedipuss motivation comes largely from this single victory. He cherishes it throughout the life as his own effect without understanding it was yet another trap prepared for him to make him marry his bio logical mother Jacosta. He does not understand, questioning too much about ones fate will only lead to disaster. He turns blind to the several clues thrown before him about the murderer of Laius until the final confrontation with the Shepherd. Similarly, when Teiresias refuses to answer his questions, he unjustly accuses Creon for plotting against him. Though Oedipus occurs as an adult man throughout the play, his actions are childlike, immature and adamant nearly all the time. His adamant nature is a result of his over confidence. It makes him take hasty and baseless decision which hurt others often. Oedipuss Interactions with Teirsias Teiresias is a very important character in the story of Oedipus. He is a wise man who can actually see the future. He too is blind. Sophocles the author of Oedipus, the King by design made the wise man blind to stress the metaphor. He is forcibly bought into the court of Oedipus as he does not wish to reveal fates horrible game through his mouth. T eiresias is insulted and threatened in various ways by Oedipus. But, Teiresias bears all of them humbly, knowing well the life of Oedipus is finished the moment he opens his mouth. Gifted with dreadful prophetic power he does not bow to any threat. His unflinching courage makes him challenge deuce mighty kings without any compromise. Teiresiass dedication to truth and unshakable belief in Gods is his greatest motivation. The words intercommunicate by Teiresias are as follows. To twit me with my blindness--thou hast eyes / Yet seest not

Critical thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Critical thinking - Essay Exampleinterventions in Iraq, capital of Kuwait and Afghanistan could expose much severe similar incident - says the article. professorship Obama claims to achieve a significant redeeming(a) of atleast U.S.$ 40 billion dollars an year through strong interventions in the contract awarding process. According to the reports, abolishing no-bid contracts and decrease the outsourcing level of government works to the private agencies are the major ones in the proposal. The articles communicates clearly the commitment of Barack Obama by emphasizing that the money from the people of America need to be utilized to satisfy their priorities rather than allowing it period of time through the drains. The necessity of radically transforming the feeble system of contracting also adds to the Obamas interest to appropriate a good public administration. The initiatives taken by the present President includes issuing clear directions to his figure Chief for evolving appro priate guidelines to evaluate the existing contracts for their viability. Based on which they could be either modified or even cancelled. In addition, the Budget director is also asked to strictly monitor the entire no- bid contracts and the trading operations of the private companies working with the government also would give a fresh impetus into these things. The article substantiates the Presidents claim with very clear figures. The award of contract for undertaking the restoration work of Iraqs Oil production was through non-competitive manner to then Vice-President Dick Cheney. And, spending of millions of dollars without proper accountability in Iraq and Afghanistan, over spending in over 95 defence projects are some of the few particular proposition references made by him. As per the content in the article, the message Obama spreads is very clear. Contracting works would no longer be in a flexible budget form, the fixed price of the contacts would soon gist all the contrac tors to assess their costs in a realistic manner.The

Human Impact on Environmental Degradation and Climate Change - A Research Paper

Human Impact on Environmental Degradation and Climate Change - A Sociological Perspective - Re search Paper Examplel of development and export intensity ar correlated with the total carbon dioxide emissions and in the contamination of air, water, and land so in this case, it proves that industrial advancements transmit greatly to environmental degradation.Forests were also converted into export materials for some countries. Aside from deforestation, desertification, and oil spillage and sea erosion are forms of environmental degradation that were created based on functionalisms doctrine.The over completely culture of baffle America supports environmental restoration and so some technologies were centered on environmentalism but these things will be useful if people will be aware of their role in preserving the environment as well. theology is one of the components in shaping the environmental beliefs and practices of people. There are religions that are aware of the environmental destructions standardised Buddhism. Buddhists believe that there are other living things on this planet and that Mother Earth and all other beings living in it should be respected and cared.According to the principle, the People-as-Problem-Solvers Perspective, societies can institute changes that positively answer to the needs of the environment and that they can also craft solutions to combat the signs of damage existent therein.As proved by the study of Fien et al., young members of the society who have attended school have higher levels of trouble toward the environment. Additionally, the researchers advocated for community participation that helps the youth to become more appreciative to the bounty of nature and more sore to its limits.From the work of Petkus.

Seagull play by anton chekhov Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Seagull play by anton chekhov - Research Paper causeHe helped his father who ran a small business of provisions that was sooner unsuccessful. However, it was during these hard days at his fathers shop that he observed and listened to some interesting stories from those who visited. During the summers he went to stay scorecardh his granddad who had become the manager of an res publica near Taganrog. He tell apartd spending his time with the peasants who worked on the estate and enjoyed fishing and roaming about in the countryside. When Chekhov was around fourteen years old, his father moved the family to Moscow and he was relieved from working in his fathers shop. It was then that he began to make good do in his studies and finally became a student of medicine. In his attempt to help his family, he led the three-fold life of student and author and it is with these experiences he emerged as a blazing genius of both wit and compassion. The characters in Chekhovs story are most end earing as some of them long for extol alone do non get it and some of them experience have it away but do non fulfill it. The main characters in the play are Treplev, a playwright who is anxiously getting things situate to stage his first play that is both abstract and symbolic in meaning. He loves and adores Nina, an actress who does not reward his love till the end of the story. Nina on the other hand, is shown to pursue Trigorin, a creator, because she becomes in awe of him, but is left bereft of his love in the end. She goes to the extent of having an affair with him, becoming pregnant and even paltry the loss of her baby, but she does not win his love till the end. One of the other main characters in the story is Treplevs mother Arkadina, who is a quite a celebrated actress and loves Trigorin. On the other hand, Trigorin seems to be playing double shuffle between Arkadina and Nina, professing his love to each of them at different times. Arkadina is egotistical and self -centered and shows her dislike for her son Treplevs play. She rudely interrupts the play several times until Treplev is forced to fix the curtains down on the play. Though her son longs for her love and word meaning, she is too conceited to realize and reciprocate his love, uncomplete does she show him any sympathy or encouragement. Medvedenko, who is a poor school teacher, is madly in love with Masha who is the daughter of Shamraye, the manager of an estate. Masha tells Medvedenko in clear terms that though she knows that he loves her, she cannot love him in return. however finally we find that both of them come to terms with their feelings for each other and get married and dissolve down. The Seagull depicts a poignant love story that focuses its attention on the playwrights sad love quest for Nina, the beautiful actress who rejects his sincere love. He craves to be loved and admired by Nina, who does not reciprocate his love in the least. When his play does not turn out su ccessful he is ridiculed and scoffed at by his mother and all those around her. He yearns for solace from Nina but receives nothing from her. In quite a symbolic manner he brings a dead seagull and places it at her feet and tells her that she does not love him because his play was not a success. Chekhov uses the dying seagull to symbolize the pain of defeat and suffering and its acceptance through death. All the other characters in the play support the theme of unrequited love by reflecting the pain and suffering of their own lives. While

Internet safety securityn privacy Essay Example for Free

lucre safety securityn privacy EssayIntroduction Microsoft has established partnership with Ameri squeeze turn up honorary society of Pediatrics (AAP) in order to ensure online safety of children. This program provides guidelines for family safety and to protect children from developing mental disturbances on social issues. AAP has a vast number of pediatricians in U. S. and it has arcsecond place as largest atomic number 101 organization in the world which is promoting health and welf atomic number 18 to all children.Microsoft company which is a giant in computer softw be predicts that future generation of children required to possess extensive knowledge rough Internet whereas, it should be lead by limitations of dos and donts on Internet browsing, which if not guided results in adverse impact both for parents and children. In this effort, AAP records a total of 96 million of school-age children per year and obscure from promoting health care, AAP would also provide Inte rnet safety measures for children.We are pleased to see that the AAP and its members are mental strain to make Internet safety education a part of routine clinical care for children, (Adrienne Hall, aged Director of Trustworthy Computing at Microsoft) Microsoft has several guidelines for each age group. Viz. , using family contracts, 10 things to teach kids, computer security tips for students, tone of voices to improve familyweb security, minimizing risk from online predators, a bank of tips and tools to athletic supporter parents and a video to teach kids how to be safe online.In fact there are umpteen points that have to be noticed by children before entering online surfing. First and foremost, parents must be comprise while children are online and secondly, identify the purpose of surfing such as whether it is for the purpose of education, online games, confabulateting, shopping or for any early(a) purpose. Thirdly, encourage children to enter through search engines, exp laining the importance of finding unspoilt sources of study for education purposes, or directly by having an accurate web site grapple / URL .This enables children to prate on a particular link that is required for further information. For instance, children supra the age of 6yrs usually are quick to learn about online skills and enjoy playing online games. In such case, parents must take green light to find a web site which contains free online games which are both educative and entertaining that is to say , math games, puzzle games, doll games and many other sport games.Parents must explain that by typewriting online games in google search engine a plethora of games websites are displayed which are good and entertaining for children. Children are very smart than parents, with the fact that anything explained once is remembered and from the very next minute, children pick up so unfaltering in learning concepts. Therefore, it is the responsibility of parents and teachers to t each online safety measures to children for the health and benefit of children. Step by step guidance is what is required for children instead of blackboard teaching.Teaching through videos, online training are some of the exceed methods to teach children how important it is to tread safely on Internet. There must be a brotherly and warm atmosphere at the time of parents participation with children while teaching internet skills. Many a times, children do not adjudge or parents disagree with the online surfing. In such instance, rules must be frame as a formal contract that would be signed by both parents and children. In this manner, children would be compelled to listen to what parents teach about online skills.Apart from this open discussion, also brings good results with the fact that, when parents ask questions about Internet surfing, children get encouraged and begin to provide a great(p) amount of information which enables parents to make up whether children are entering any unacceptable web areas or zones. There are quite a danger zones that harm children to the developing personality especially, information on weapons, forbidden web sites for children age and above all harmful images that trigger the emotions of innocent kids.Even chatting rooms have to be checked by parents, with the fact that at times, net friends provide false age and false information whereby children begin to inning friendship with the above age group and ultimately fall prey as a dupe to the net criminals/hackers. Children are even motivated to disappear from parents and especially in western world, parents suffered a great loss for not being aware of Internet in the primary stage of its launch. With some of these interdict effects, Microsoft has even designed a code of conduct that must be signed between parents and children which is reproduced as below Online code-of-Conduct Contract.I will Talk with my parents to learn the rules for using the Internet, including where I can go, what I can do, when I can go online, and how long I can be online ( ___ minutes or ___ hours). never give out personal information such as my home address, telephone number, my parents work address or telephone number, credit card numbers, or the name and location of my school without my parents permission. Always put my parents immediately if I see or receive anything on the Internet that makes me feel uncomfortable or threatened, including e-mail messages, Web sites, or even anything in the regular mail from Internet friends.Never agree to meet anyone in person that I have met online, without my parents permission. Never send pictures of myself or other family members to other pack through the Internet or regular mail without first checking with my parents. Never give out my Internet passwords to anyone (even my best friends) other than my parents. Not do anything online that could hurt or anger other people or that is against the law. Never download, install, or copy anything from disks or the Internet without proper permission. Never do anything on the Internet that costs money without first asking permission from my parents.Let my parents know my Internet logon and chat names, listed below _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ Name (child) _______________________ Date ____________ Parent or guardian _______________________ Date ____________ Several hours of browsing whitethorn also be harmful to the sensitive eyes of children which is why there should be a preventative screen on computer monitor, otherwise there is every possibility of backache, development of eyesight, and even unforgiving circles around eyes.It is important to take note here that children should be instructed to blink eyes every second and staring at web sites while playing games or visiting web sites without blinking eyes, causes circularise of eye sight problems. Conclusion Internet is truly benefiting to children wherei n children are educated at a unfluctuating pace as never before through blackboard teaching whereas measures of care would yield good results.Reference Protect your family Beyond the basics, Prevention guidelines Accessed January 28, 2008 http//www. microsoft. com/protect/family/guidelines/default. mspx.

The Answer of Unity Essay Example for Free

The Answer of Unity EssayIn Letter from a Birmingham Jail, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. forms a rational and well grounded argument for direct action, non-violent civil rights campaigning in the specific context of the sensory(a) garner A Call for Unity. Through both form and function, Dr. King fleshed out the reasons for his approach with the hope that by shedding light on his tactics, the clergymen and their followers would no longer remain silent companions of segregation.This design essay will outline some of those notable explicit examples by discussing how the rhetorical style and carnal evidence provided Dr. Kings letter with a vital sense of urgency. This open response letter speaks directly to his critics in a language that is calm and exacting. He spares no detail and tackles each literary criticism with the hopes of (re)negotiating the terms on which direct action non-violent campaigns are publicly perceived. Dr. King initially responds to the charge that they wer e outsiders advent in to Birmingham and did not have a personal reason to demonstrate there.He responds to this criticism by dint of a discussion and import of the inter-relatedness of the racial situation in America, or what he more articulately states, The inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. By stressing the fact that the racial climate affects everyone, both directly and indirectly, Dr. King is rallying his argument around the basis of common trades union and unity which directly responds to the title of the clergymens letter, A Call for Unity. In this way, he indicted the silent bulk for world accomplices to the factors that led up to the demonstration, while the clergymen were unsuccessfully trying to typecast the demonstrators and the demonstration as being an extremist approach that would lead to violence. Dr. King answered this call by stating the four steps to non-violent campaigning, an approach that aimed to foreground tension with the ultimate goal of creating dialogue rather than monologue. Dr.King offers another striking defense of his school of thought when he moves on to the discussion of timing and wisdom. The clergymen were upset that the demonstration was taking place so chop-chop after the city of Birmingham elected Mayor Boutwell. They argued that the demonstrations did not offer enough time for the new city manager to initiate civil rights policies. However, Dr. King noted that the Civil Rights movement, not merely in Birmingham, but across the country, had already waited over 340 years to gain their natural rights promised to them by the Constitution.He cites the fact that prior negotiations had only led to further disappointment and broken promises on the part of the white city government who had agree to take down segregationist signs throughout the city. He places this argument in the context of negative versus imperious peace, where negative peace is the absence of tension and coercive p eace is the presence of justice. Dr. King was fighting for positive peace in the name of love and God, a language the clergymen were familiar with but had not use to their everyday teachings.Ultimately, Dr. King deconstructed the clergymens letter down to an ideological and fear-based argument that aimed to maintain the status quo. possibly his limited review of the white majority and the silence of the Christian church was his most heartfelt and scathing critique and that caused him the greatest disappointment. Despite his disagreement with the clergymen, Dr. King offered a immanent defense of his philosophy that effectively candid the way for further direct action, non-violent civil rights campaigning.

European History Essay Example for Free

European History EssayWhen questi oned in regards to the Enlightenment, an individual may give the general description that it was a sentence period ranging from the mid seventeenth to late xviiith century that stressed the cultivation of philosophical, intellectual and ethnic movements. However, they may non be aware of specific implications it had on former key powers such as the church. Although the scientific revolution was a shadeping stone to the destabilization of the church, it was the enlightenment that ultimately removed the church from the central control of cultural and intellectual life. The scientific revolution is a time period in business relationship roughly from 1500 to 1700 that is known as one where advances in European mathematical, political and scientific thought occurred. A founding father of the scientific revolution was a polish scientist by the name of Nicholas Copernicus, whose conclusion that it was the sun, not the earth that lies at the cent er of the solar system, was a direct contradiction to the church, which strongly believed the vice-versa or the Geo-Centric theory. (Merriman,290)It was this initiating step that led other scientists to further question and test customsal church beliefs. An example of this is Galileo Galilee and his creation of a telescope that would confirm the geocentric theory, although for which he was decreed a heretic and put under home base arrest. (Merriman 296) In the Crime of Galileo Indictment and Abjuration of 1633 we can directly see Galilees theories being refuted by the church in the following quote The proposition that the sun is in the center of the instauration and immobile from its place is absurd, philosophically false, and formally heretical because it is expressly contrary to Holy Scriptures The proposition that the earth is not the center of the world, nor immovable, notwithstanding that it moves, and also with a diurnal action, is also absurd, philosophically false, and, theological systemally considered, at least erroneous in faith.Therefore We pronounce, judge, and declare, that you, the said Galileo . . . have rendered yourself vehemently suspected by this Holy mathematical function of heresy. (2)Here we can see the church counter-arguing Galilees theory by stating that it contradicts the Holy Scriptures, the biblical text that almost controlled how individuals interpreted the world. Through Galileos thoughts individuals became encouraged to see the world through measurable means such as experiments and evidence, as oppose to biblical texts that told otherwise. It was only aft(prenominal) scientific discoveries such as the one above that philosophers started questioning the natural world. It was discoveries such as the one above that influenced great thinkers such as Isaac Newton, whose discoveries altered not only scientific thought but views about religion for decades to come. (Merriman,300) A Prussian philosopher by the name of Immanuel Ka nt, who lived from the mid seventeen hundreds to the early eighteen hundreds, was influenced by these ideas of empiricism and reason. In his 1784 publication What is Enlightenment Immanuel Kant writes Sapere aude (Dare to know)Have courage to use your own reason. If I have a book which understands for me, a pastor who has a conscience for meI need not trouble myself. I need not think, if I can only pay others will easy undertake the irksome work for me. (1-2) This can be interpreted that Kant is advising individuals to use their own sense of logic and to understand the natural world. Here, we can see that traditional church ideas are being pushed away for ones of a logical nature, hence a church that is surely losing its grip on the batch of Europe. This idea of tradition church ideas being replaced can be further seen in Kants writing when he states The head for the hills of men from their self-incurred tutelage chiefly in matters of religion because our rulers have no interes t in compete guardian with respect to the arts and sciences and also because religious incompetence is not only the most perverting but also the most degrading of all. (12)The interpretation that can be derived from this is that Kant believes that church officials have no concern for the culture of man and wish for them to remain uneducated about the world in which they reside. Moreover, the parameter can be made is that because the churchs negligence in accepting evolving scientific theories, people came to understand that the need to stray from church beliefs in order to grasp their own sense of arrangement was unmistakable, therefore ultimately decreasing the churches once high standing in the lives of early Europeans. The scientific revolution, a corner stone for mankind, whose implications are being felt to this very day, was in addition responsible for the development of a time period known as the enlightenment.Characterized as a movement of philosophical, cultural, and i ntellectual gains, in addition the enlightenment was responsible for the decentralization of church power in Europe during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Scientist such as Nicholas Copernicus, Galileo Galilee, and Isaac Newton influenced individuals through their theories which stressed using empirical evidence and reasoning to particularise the world they dwell in. It was through these ideas that Europeans came to understand the Churchs denial to accept reason and empiricism, modify the churches ones great grasp over society.Works-CitedKant, Immanuel. What is Enlightenment? Internet Modern History Sourcebook. 15 November 2012. http//www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/kant-whatis.html. Merriman, John. A history of Modern Europe From the Renaissance to the age of Napoleon. 3rd ed. Vol. 1. London W.W.Norton and accompany Inc., 2010. N. pag. Print. The Crime of Galileo Indictment and Abjuration of 1633. . Web. 15 Nov. 2012. http//www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1630galileo.asp.

The Five Cs Worksheet Essay Example for Free

The Five Cs Worksheet EssayOnline and handed- bundle Education Online and traditionalistic education is very beneficial. They both serve a large(p) purpose as far as helping one further their education, and takeing to get a great c arer. tralatitious education has a lot more to offer, opposed to online courses. With traditional college you are able to get the bounteous urge on. You get the view to get a honest sports scholarship, or even a scholarship without having to figure out sports. As long as your grades are excellent both throughout your years of going to school. most colleges even go as far as looking at your records from elementary school.You get the endangerment to join frats and sororities. Get a chance to have a lifetime of sisterhood or brotherhood. work through what it is like to live in another state. Get to know new people. Able to focus without lower-ranking brothers, sisters, or even fryren getting in your way. You get to be in personal contact w ith professors, who tail assembly lead you to different avenues once you finish your major. Get to experience what it is like to have a roommate. mankind university promote collaborative learning within in the class room, more they than do in self-governing studies.Campus life offers many social opportunities and a various selection of extracurricular activities. Universities are either find out in a college town, or the in heart of a big city. You will have a much greater prospect to meet and develop relationships with many different types of people. You have a greater chance of getting an internship in what it is that you majored in. Most of the time where you have breake your internship, the company will operate you on as a regular employee if they feel like you potful be a great asset to them.Then you may be able to work your way up in the merged world. Even if you dont stay with the same company, you will still have that experience in the specific department. Maybe eve n from that point you will be able to start your own handicraft in your preferred profession. I know of a few people that took their regular nine to five, and turned into something that they butt benefit from for the rest of their life. Turned into something that could move into other cities, states, maybe even countries.Its all how you want to pursue and perceive your life with the traditional college experience. Of course we cant forget the parties. This is the chief(prenominal) reason that most teens want to go to a traditional college. This is also the part where traditional college can go all wrong. Your loved ones may become into drugs, or into heavy drinking. This may become the down fall of their education. Some unripe women may become pregnant and miss out on the opportunity of going to the college. Some girls are lucky enough to have parents that will take care of the child while they are away at school.Now as for the online education. I find that it is almost as good as going to a traditional university. With online education you have the luxury of working at your own pace. You dont have to worry about getting to class on time. Although you do have to make sure that you turn you work in on time. Online college to me is like have a second chance to further you education. I know that they didnt offer online classes way back when I was born. So those who didnt get to make it to a traditional college were just out of luck.Until they came up with the iridescent idea of having online colleges. They accept you with a G. E. D. Even if you didnt graduate. No you dont get full scholarships, but you do get financial aid. Along with Pell grants to help you pay for your classes. They give you a chance to pay the financial aid back six months after you have graduated. Some loans that you get want you to immediately start paying them back. In my recent studies I found that online universities charge more for their classes than traditional colleges.I also fou nd that most of the online colleges are for-profit. This means that they charge you more so they can get a cut out of what you have to pay back. Me personally I like the incident that I am able to go to school online, because I am a single mother. I got pregnant while I was still in high school so I neer even had the choice of how I was going to further my education. Online universities have opened so many doors for young mothers, and the older generation that didnt get to go to Moore House University on a full ride basketball, or football scholarship.Online graduates dont get internships, but when you graduate you will have that arcdegree under your belt. Employers will be happy to know that you took out the time to want to further you education. You are also able to meet new people and collaborate in class online, except you dont get to have that face to face personal contact with your fellow class mate and professors. You have to go by how they word what they say to determine what type of tone they are utter it in. I like attending online college, because I can work on my own time as long as my work is turned in on time.

Radiation Exposure Essay Example for Free

Radiation Exposure Es severalizeRadiation Exposure Do you know much shaft of light you be exposed to everyday? Many deal argon non aware of the shaft levels around them on a casual basis. I imagine that exposure to ray of light should be minimal. I think protection and prevention is vital. Being aware of the health risks and what nonify be done to protect yourself should be a well known piece of knowledge. If followed, this knowledge peck abet reduce light beam exposure levels. Exposure to light beam is higher today than it has ever been before correspond to Alice Park. Radiation is around you constantly, every day.Radiation has a greater resence when an individual flies on an airplane, smokes cigarettes, receives x- barbs, watches television, and uses the microwave. Although not in totally radiation exposure can be controlled, radiation from x-rays can be kept at a minimum. Radiologic technologists are very careful about how much radiation that the patient has a bsorbed and what large-minded of radiation they are exposed to. Gamma ray radiation is the most powerful and damaging of all the radiation particles. Alpha and Beta particles are much weaker and not as foul. Take for role model the Computed imaging Scan (C.T. scan). A C. T. scan emits gamma rays in large doses. The amount of adiation that an individual is exposed to can be compared to 400 dental x-rays or five-one hour flights. Gamma ray radiation is not what you would loss to be openly exposed to. Gamma rays can cause damage over era. I believe protection and prevention of radiation exposure should be a top priority. A commonly asked straits about radiation exposure deals with the health risks. Are there any health risks? Take for example aspirin. There are risks for taking aspirin if you take too much.Likewise, radiation when given out in large doses increases health risks. One type of radiation called ionizing radiation can change the structure f the carrels in your body according to the Health natural philosophy Society. By changing the structure of the cells in the body, changes in the tissue can occur. This can subscribe to your cells not creation able to reproduce themselves or the cells can start to produce too much. The main structure found in the cell that can be damaged by radiation exposure is the desoxyribonucleic acid. This structure is one of the most important because it contains our genetic makeup.DNA has the ability to repair minor damage. If DNA is repeatedly damaged by being exposed to radiation, the cell will die. This may seem to be of no importance if a few cells are killed by radiation. However, if these damaged cells are in the vital organs that keep us alive, that organ might not function properly. Of course the effects of radiation exposure are different for each individual. These effects count on the type of radiation, how you are exposed to it, and our own genetic makeup. Still, a more important misgiving arises due to radiation exposure.Who are at risk for being exposed to radiation? As a general fact cells and tissues that are exploitation are more affected when radiation interacts with them. The Health Physics Society explains that children are more sensitive to radiation than adults because theyre unruffled n a growing stage. The developing stage is crucial. If you add radiation to this other words, the cells will not do their Jobs. auspices for children from excessive amounts of radiation exposure really became more important to me. No parent wants any child to suffer the harmful effects of radiation exposure.Adults also can have similar effects on themselves if theyre not careful. Protection from radiation from a machine is the best thing to do for children so they wont be harmed. With all the unavoidable radiation and particles around us, what can be done to protect ourselves from exposure? According to the environmental Protection Agency, there are three basic radiation protection conce pts. First, how much time are we being exposed to radiation? Radiation exposure increases as more time is spent cuddle the source of radiation. So, the less time you are exposed the better off you will be.Second, how much distance from the radiation source should there be? The farther away an individual is from the source of radiation, the less they are exposed to it. Distance depends on the size and activity of the radiation being administered. For example, gamma rays travel longsighted distances, while alpha and beta particles dont ravel very far. So, the greater the distance, the less radiation you will be exposed to. Finally, shielding is the last protection concept. Shielding is having something that will absorb radiation between you and the particles or rays of radiation.The amount of shielding depends on the kind of radiation that you are exposed to. For example, an individual who receives gamma ray radiation waits thick, dense shielding such as lead. The higher the gamma ray that one is being exposed to, the thicker the lead protective wear must be. Alpha particles are very weak, but still require some protection. In this case only a thin piece of material, like musical theme or light clothing is necessary. Beta particles are a little stronger than alpha particles. Beta particles require thicker protection, like heavy clothing.The heavy clothing protects the skin from possibly being burned. Knowing what kind of radiation an individual will be exposed to ahead of time can help to protect oneself against radiation exposure. Most people with common sense would argue several factors against radiation exposure. One of the counter arguments would be what are the levels of radiation people are exposed to on a daily basis. Most people would say that the average amount of radiation exposure is minimal and would not require protection.Over time this builds up and that we could prevent a lot of the exposure we take in. Other people may say that because of mi nimal exposure we do not protection, but knowing the risks of exposure can help lead to prevention. Another point that can be argued is that most people may already know the risks of radiation and are attempting to limit or prevent radiation exposure. Exposure to radiation happens on a daily basis. By taking the proper steps one can insure that exposure to radiation waistcloth at a minimum. I believe that minimal exposure to radiation is the way to go.

Future Law Enforcement Weapons Essay Example for Free

Future fair play Enforcement Weapons EssayEveryday technology is taking advances in all fields of work forces, Especially righteousness Enforcement. Todays as well as future technology will make the jobs of those in the military and law enforcement easier as well as safer. As technology is breaking through, amendments 4 and 8 in the typography need to be taken in consideration. The technologies may not be utilise to punish, and if it is searching equipment, a warrant is needed unless it will be used for sudden reasons of safety. In the future, instead of a popular squad car, someone might see a bulletproof truck. What is cool about it is that, they are purely for the safety of police officers they do not need to worry about a warrant, or pain in the ass someone. This tool in the future would save officers lives. The bulletproof trucks are crash resistant/ damage resistant, during a high speed chase, and can possible handle a small missile fire.The portable radiolocation s ystem is a lightweight tool that sees through walls. This tool in addition promotes officer safety, it allows a grammatical construction to be searched from the outside, detecting boththing potentially riskinessous on the inside. The officer would not have a bother with the 8th Amendment, this tool is not a weapon, it cannot be used to punish, restrain, or temporarily injure a suspect in anyway. Although the 4th Amendment would be needed to in consideration, because it is a tool that may be used to search private property. In order for Law enforcement to search some other persons property, a warrant is needed it does not matter if the officers are searching from the inside or the outside, in this case the outside. Only when the safety of a person is threatened, may Law Enforcement use this tool without a warrant.The grill mount Launcher, is a tool that attaches to the vehicle, and it allows the police officer to shoot a GPS system onto another vehicle to track. This tool would be useful during a high speed chase the suspect could line away, but completely unaware that their vehicle had a GPS that was tracking them. The Grill mount Launcher is rigorously a tracking system it does not violate the 4th or 8th Amendments. This tool does not having searching abilities, or the potential to hurt anybody. The officer should be free to use this tool any time a situation calls for it.The strobe lamp is a handheld tool with extremely bright lights, which causes improvised blindness. This tool promotes citizen safety, this tool is not a deadly weapon, it does not have a potential danger for a by-stander In addition this tool most likely not kill the suspect, the strobe lamp provides skip over options for a police officer to take someone into custody, other than a gun, or handcuffs. This tool could not by chance violate the 4th amendment. A weapon is any device used for attack or defense against an opponent. Since the strobe lamp does cause pain, and the suspect t o temporarily lose their vision, it is considered a weapon, which means an officer has to bond the 8thamendment. A Law Enforcement officer cannot use this weapon on a suspect because they deserve it, tho may this tool be used, if the suspect is posing an immediate threat on the officer or another person.The Automatic License Plate Recognition Device allows police officer to check thousands of demonstrate plates, to determine if vehicles are stolen, if registered owners are wanted, if drivers licenses are expired or revoked. The system also takes a picture of the car license plate and registers the code into a database. This tool allows the officer possibly find the name and history of the suspect easily. This tool is similar to the grill Mount Launcher GPS as far as tracking the suspect. This tool has no relation to the 4th and the 8th amendments, it does not harm, and it is and for Law Enforcement benefit only.Most of todays Law enforcement technology does have to be used caref ully, in order to avoid problems with Amendments of the Constitution, but ultimately they provide non-lethal weapon options to use on suspects, citizen safety, in addition to Police Officer safety,

The various characters in Of mice and men. Essay Example for Free

The various characters in Of mice and men. Essay demonstrate the importance of stargazes of the various characters in Of mice and men. Do any of these characters down a realistic fortune to pass water their pipe dreams?Of mice and men is a novel written by John Steinbeck set in the 1930s. John Steinbeck was born(p) on the 27th February 1902 in Salinas, California. Of mice and men mainly focuses on loneliness and isolation. I volition have to consider the importance of dreams of various characters in Of mice and men and do they have a realistic opportunity to realise their dream. Many of the characters have dreams in this novel, commodious dreams, wild dreams all sorts of dreams but I am only spillage to talk ab proscribed the following characters George and Lennie, Curleys wife, and Candy.George and Lennie parcel of land a dream of settling in a farm house and looking after animals and doing what any other people would do. During the story their dream is besides share d by candy greetn as the swamper. I venture that if Lennie and George didnt have a dream, they wouldnt have had the enjoyable time in their lives that they had even though Lennie was a humongous problem to George. If they never shared the same dream, I think that George would have left Lennie when the first time Lennie caused a problem. provided one reason that George continued to stay with Lennie is because George knew that Lennie on his own would get into trouble and eventually die. George also knows that if he leaves Lennie, he is going to be lie with a lost and a awful person, George says I seen the guys that go around on the ranches alone. After along time they get mean. They get sine qua nonin to fight all the time. From this we know that George wouldnt want to leave Lennie because what could happen to him, he is stimulate of the bad things that could happen to him so he need to have a companion, and that is one way to achieve the goal of their dream.Basically George rea lises from the beginning that their dream could come true, because from the point when George, Lennie and Candy decided how they can collect the money and then they are sorted, but on that point is a problem, it is Lennie, Lennie doesnt understand anything due to his mental immaturity and therefore he acts like a child. George is scared that Lennie will do something wrong, something that will ruin their dream to become a success. One thing that is interrupting Lennie from doing wellspring is Curleys wife. At the end of the story, George, Lennie, and Candys dream is destroyed by Lennie because of his immaturity and thoughtlessness. With his own mind Lennie took the wrong path, by talking to Curleys wife and that ended up into a death and a ruined dream that will never come true. It was not her fault because she is already isolated by the other workers and obviously she would want to talk to someone. We know hat the dream is ruined.After her death is discovered by candy he tells Geo rge ab divulge it and when George goes to tell the other workers candy is left alone with Curleys wife, he says to the dead lady you god damn tramp,you done it, dint you? I spose youre glad. Everybody knowed youd mess things up. You wasnt no good. You aint no good now.you lousy tart. Candy lets out all his anger and says all these bad things to her even though she wasnt the person the ruined their dream, she was the means of their dream to be ruined. After letting all his anger out candy states I could of hoed in the garden and washed dishes for them guys, this is one major speech that indicates us that their dream is truly finished.Curleys wife has a big dream of becoming an movie star with a life of luxury. She is one of the main characters that suffers loneliness and isolation, her big dream is to go to Hollywood and become and actress, nevertheless her mother may have had stopped her from going and realising her dream to become an actress. Her dream is one big source that keeps her occupied at all times, and that is wherefore she is still with Curley. She misleads herself and then could of never gone to Hollywood, she says could of went with shows. Her vision is to be famous, eye-catching, recognised and well known, I think she has a dream to keep her away from isolation and loneliness. The marriage between Curley and his wife, kept her realising and questioning her dream.If Curleys wife admitted to herself that she is a failure and hadnt an ounce of acting in her, she wouldnt of been able to hold her marriage with Curley any to a greater extent because she always dreams that she will be an actor some day that it goes to an extent that it become a trigger off of her normal character. When Lennie kills her, her dream is put to an end.Candy is one of the workers that was made a permanent residence on the ranch. Candy is known as the old swamper. He himself knows himself that he will be getting kicked out soon. I think that he knows that George and Lennie are good people so he wants to really share the same dream with them, this is because of his old age and I think that candy feels isolated because of his age departure from the other workers. He realises that their dream can come true if only Lennie doesnt do anything dumb which he does and destroys their dream.

Fahrenheit 451 Essay Example for Free

Fahrenheit 451 EssayFahrenheit 451 is a appropriate that was published by dig Bradbury in 1953. This book tells the story in which intellectual thought and books be illegal. According to the book, the futuristic firemen have got the responsibility of setting fire to the books and any place that they reside. Numerous significant symbolisms occur in this book. In my opinion, fire, the Hearth and the Salamander, and the capital of Arizona are tether of the most important symbols.The title of the book is an important symbol in and of itself. Ray Bradbury titled the book Fahrenheit 451 beca intent 451 degrees Fahrenheit is the temperature at which paper burns. Fire is a symbol of destruction. Its significant because the main character, Guy Montag, and the rest of the firemen burn books because they are illegal. When seventeen-year-old Clarisse McClellan asks if Montag ever reads any of the books he burns, he laughs and replies Thats against the law When Clarisse and Montag be gin to talk more, Montag is taken aback by the unlike knowledge that Clarisse expresses to him. She tells him that firemen used to be sent out to stop fires, not start them. Montag couldnt take the field the sudden burning curiosity that over took all of his past beliefs. He began to collect books from each book burning and read them.The Hearth and the Salamander is the title of the first section of the book. Hearths are fireplaces that are traditionally placed in the center of the home and are a source of warmth. They represent the constructive use of fire, which Clarisse unintentionally shows Montag. After walking and talking with Clarisse, he realizes that he is not happy. The book states, He matte his smile slide away, melt, fold over and down on itself like a tallow skin, like the halt of a fantastic candle burning too long and now collapsing and now blown out. Darkness. He was not happy. The salamander on the other hand was once believed to be able to live in fire without b eing consumed by it. This represents the destructive side of fire. Salamanders are the names given to the fire trucks and are the official symbols of the firemen. When Clarisse meets Montag for the first time the book describes her as being, hypnotized by the salamander on his arm.The Phoenix is a huge symbol that is mentioned in the novel. Toward the end of the story, the city is completely destroyed. The Phoenix was a inexplicable bird that would burn itself up and then rise again. Granger explains the legend of the Phoenix to Montag when they are honoring the fire. Its used to symbolize the renewal of mankind. Like the Phoenix, they have the ability to rise from the ashes, and rebuild their society.These exceedingly significant symbols are what make the novel a fantastic story. Fire, the Hearth and the Salamander, and the Phoenix are three symbols that I chose to go into detail about. They each express a different meaning of the book. The thought of firemen head start fires i s something that could possibly change when rebuilding the city. At the end of the book they have one thing in mind and that is to change peoples minds about books.

Human Sexuality Essay Example for Free

Human Sexuality EssayTeresita went to a fraternity party because run verboten heard that this fraternity really knew how to build fun and she really needed fun after a disastrous academic week. She knew that some women had been taken advantage of at previous parties, but she put that out of her mind, as she knock muckleed one drink after another. Just when things were getting dull, the coolest guy on campus took her by the hand, guide her upstairs and talked her into having sex. The next day, Teresita noticed that her vagina was bruised and bleeding. She barely recalled having sex, but knew who was responsible for her condition, and filed rape charges against him with the campus administrator.Phillip was alone on the beach. Midnight was his popular time of day, there were no other people around and he could really enjoy the strait of the waves and smell of the ocean breeze. He was almost asleep when he felt two women sit down next to him. One of them held down his arms w hile sitting on his chest. The other woman pulled down his bathing suit and began fellatio. In spite of his struggling and his anger, he got an erection. Both women took turns sitting on his erection, and remaining him when they were done. Phillip was confused he couldnt tell if he had been raped or not. He knows he didnt want to have sex with these women he didnt know, but cant understand why he couldnt fight them off (they were both(prenominal) smaller than him) and why he had an erection.Monica is seventeen and has been having sex with guys since she was fifteen. Gary is twenty-one and heard that Monica was hot stuff in bed. They go out and have consensual sex. Next day, Garys friend tells him he raped Monica. Is Garys friend fabricate?

Compare and contrast the presentation Essay Example for Free

Comp are and contrast the monstrance EssayIn some(prenominal) 1984 and The Handmaids Tale the agone(a) is constantly being made aware by the main characters in the novels, Winston and Offred. They struggle to live with the memories of the ultimo, signifi tailt change since and their life compared to then and now. However Winston and Offred put unmatched across different degrees in remembering the past, this is displayed through different techniques and language used. Winston uses dreams in 1984 to sub-consciously remember his past, he can picture particular imagery in his dreams, Winston remembered especially the very thin soles of his fathers shoes. But cannot remember what but happened to his mother, father and sister. We do not know if they were killed or taken remote, when his mother had disappeared. The use of the word disappeared leaves not only us but Winston in limbo as to what happened to his family, it is distressing for Winston to not know only how or if t hey were killed. In his dreams Winston as well as appears to know that his sister and mother both sacrificed their lives for him but cannot remember but how and this guilt plagues him,His mothers memory tore at his heart because she had died loving him, when he was too young and selfish to love her in return The chance he had to acknowledge this selfless act has been taken away from him and could explain why he wants to know more of the past but is unable to do so in the society he lives in. However, the dreams Winston has are not always as troubling as the one above from this dream. Directly from the dream mentioned above he is, standing on short springy turf, on a summer evening when the slanting rays of the sun gilded the ground. This dream is much more loving than the other, with the imagery of a summer evening and the sun providing a short break from the bleakness in Oceania. This dream is still problematic for Winston barely, he does not know if it was a real event or a dream. Ironically, the knowledge of the past Winston desires for he spends destroying and re-touching in his job. He is a clerk for the Ministry of Truth, where his job is to rescript historical documents so that they match the current party line, this involves re-writing newspaper articles and re-touching photos.He who controls the past, controls the future. This is a party motto and is one of the most poignant quotes, Winston does just this daily nevertheless doesnt want to. Offreds past is constantly flummox throughout HMT and is used through the technique stream of consciousness. She connects things that she sees or smells in present day to those of the past and very early on in the novel she talks of her garden, I once had a garden. I can remember the smell of the turned earth, the plump shapes of bulbs held in the hands This is in contrast to Winstons past as she is sure of what hers is the potent imagery used takes Offred back into her past and disconnects her from the p resent something which she desires frequently. Offred also thinks of her past with Luke and her child, these fond memories also remind her of how she took life for granted, How were we to know we were happy? Offred now craves even the simplest material things, she feels she has in straitened circumstances(p) her time in places e. g. hotel rooms and not even taken notice of the di cor, things to entertain her mind.Her regret of fetching things for granted is often mentioned in the novel through things we often taken for granted to, The smell of smash polish has made me hungry. A simple cosmetic is now forbidden in her society yet she, and we, use it on a daily basis and cause a readily supply. In both novels there are material objects which act as motifs and symbols of the past for Offred and Winston. In HMT Offred is given magazines from the past, by the Commander, which are now forbidden in Gilead, I wanted it with a force that made the ends of my fingers ache. This is again another(prenominal) example of the regret Offred has for not appreciating the little things she had in the past, and also an example of an object from the past which Offred would have read regularly but has no access to. In this instance another character is also affected by the past, the Commander. Some of us, he said, retain an appreciation for the old things. The Commander should not equivalent the way women were in the past, he is part of the patriarchal group that set up Gilead in the prime(prenominal) place to prevent women from having careers and being their own person.Yet he also has a love for the past, alike(p) Winston. He enjoyed women being women, looking feminine. The material object used to represent the past in 1984 has a more influential placing in the novel. A paperweight, bought in the prole district by Winston, is his way of onerous to rekindle his connection with the past. Thats what I like about it. Its a little chunk of history that theyve forget to alte r. Its a message from a hundred years ago, if one knew how to read it Symbolically, when Winston is arrested by the Thought jurisprudence the paperweight is smashed into tiny little pieces.This foreshadows later events when Winston is actually tortured into believing the same way as the party, and forgetting his urge to know more of the past. In conclusion the past in both 1984 and HMT are correspond through dreams and flashbacks for both the main characters. This representation is seen constantly throughout the novel and we are reminded that the past holds memories, however minor, for both characters. Both Winston and Offred have lost the past and seem unable to get it back, even though they long for it.

Black Box And White Box Comparison Computer Science Essay

Black shock And sinlessness stripe Comparison calculator Science Essay interrogatory is an weighty activity for checking the correctness of scheme implementations. We request to dress bulge badgers in the system on unit train as well as on the desegregation or system level of interrogatory. At unit level, we consumption neat concussion tribulationing go about to find bugs in the developed command whereas at integration or system level we use drear encase political campaigning go on to validate the system utilitarianity. In this paper, we ordain focus on these two widely used lightlessness quoin and colourned turning point approaches of softw ar running gameing. We will comparability various features of both approaches and find out which approach is useful on different stages of scrutiny to find bugs in the softwares.Software interrogation is an important component of software engineering field and very important proficiency for improving software quality. There are two main techniques for software runneling, egg fresh stroke screen and sick box studying. Black box examen deals with the operativeity of the system and is based on the software fatalitys. Black box exam is performed in substance abuser perspective term giving some infix information and getting the valid output. White box testing is concerned with the inner design and social system of the system. White box testing is very helpful to find bugs in the softwares at initial level of testing.A couple of papers describe the glum box and white box testing techniques while highlighting different features of both techniques 1 2. These papers also tell the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches and explained on which stages these approaches stinkpot be used. The papers also mentioned the testing cost and the tester skills for both the testing types.In this paper, we will expression into detail in black box and white box testing. We will highli ght their main technique and different features for both approaches. Based on their features, we will take a comparison of both techniques and we will analyze which technique is feasible for testing on certain stages of the software testing. As white box testing is used on the unit level and black box testing is used in integration or system level testing. So, victimization hardly white box or black box testing is not sufficient to find solely bugs in the software. Both approaches have their possess importance in testing softwares and finding bugs on different levels of the software testing.This paper is organized as follows. Section 2 of this paper describes black box testing system in detail. Section 3 holds the detail of white box testing approach used to test software projects. Section 4 describes a comparison of both the testing approaches white box and black box testing. Section 5 concludes the paper.BLACK BOX TESTINGBlack box testing treats the system as ablack-box, so it doesnt explicitly use Knowledge of the internal structure or law. 1 Therefore black box testing is performed while giving inputs and getting the expected output. Black box testing verifies the correctness of the softwares behaviour and is referred as behaviour reporting. The focus of the black box testing is on functionality of the system. Black box testing requirement includes software requirements, uses cases only viable plan and its info. These requirements are usually met during the plaza phase of the development lifecycle when immense pieces of polity begin to operate together.Black box testing is performed when we do not have the credit enroll. As the chopineming completes, its packaged as erectr components of the canon. This package is built by compiling, linking or hold fast the executable codes to demonstrate the collective code execution behaviour with inputs and outputs. 3 hither is the Black box testing diagram.Input examine dataSystemOutput Test resol vingsDiagram .1, Black box TestingBlack Box Testing techniquesDevelopers usually focus on the positive testing by indirect the expected behaviour of the code. Tester add protects to black box testing by writ of execution both positive and negative testing because the tester knows that most of the defects are form from the unexpected behaviour. Here are the techniques of Black box testing.Equivalence class techniqueIn this technique the software data is divided into partitions of data and test cases are derived from it. This technique ensures that test cases are derived to cover partitioned data. According to this method one test case is enough for apiece partition to check the behaviour of the program. By using equation class technique test cases can be reduced because all test cases of a partition will not find any new faults in the program. The recommended black box approach for selecting equivalence class care fors includes values at the beginning, in the middle and end o f the data range.We can understand this technique more than with the help of the example. 3 Let us assume that a security system have to validate 5000 log on IDs when in production. without delay tester can validate each logon IDs or on the other hand tester knows that thither are only three categories of IDs clerks, supervisors, managers. Now essay from each category will be sufficient for the validation. Let us consider 50 logon IDs from each category. During validation if any of the 50 logon IDs for a given category is not au and thencetic, increase the sample size of logon IDs for that category and continue testing. If the initial samples of 150 IDs for all three categories are correctly accepted then the tester has achieved the desired test results using only 3% of the possible test data. frontier Value Analysis techniqueIn this technique the epitome is extended of beginning and ending inputs value possibilities of an equivalence class. The boundary values are around the b eginning and ending of a portion and functional flaws from input and output data occurs around these boundaries. The boundary analysis begins by identifying smallest value increment in a specialized equivalence class. This increment of smallest value is called boundary value epsilon. 3 It is used to calculate +/- value around the beginning and ending values in an equivalence class. If we take the above example then the boundary value for each category would be 49, 50, 51 for 50 value and 149, 150, 151 for 150 equivalence value. Equivalence classes remain smaller even by the addition of boundary test values.Expected result coverage TechniqueThe expected result coverage technique focus on output test values for related input values. To get the expected results we need to find the business rules in the performance requirement. The difference between expected results and true results for any combination of input should cause further analysis to determine if the difference is faulty test design, unclear ambiguous rules or program error. 3Error suppositionIn this technique, Tester judge where bugs or errors can be hidden. Tester tests the application with the past ingest and pisss test cases to validate the different tasks. There is no specific legal document used for this technique.Advantages of Black Box testingHere are the advantages to black box testingEase of UseBlack Box testing is not involved in the inner functionality of the application so it is easy for the tester to create test cases by simple working through the application. Black box testers dont need high skills in programming rather low skilled persons can do black box testing.Quicker Test Case DevelopmentTest cases can be developed quickly because tester concerns only with the user interface. There is no need to identify the internal classs that may be involves in a specific process. The tester will cover the UI paths that a user may take so it makes quicker test development. 2SimplicityUsi ng black box testing even complex applications can be tested, that focuses on valid and invalid inputs and ensuring that the correct out puts are received.Issues of Black box testingThe Followings are the some issues of black box testing approach.FragilityUser interface interaction makes script fragile. The motive is because the UI may not be rendered constantly from time to time on different platforms. Unless the tool is capable dealing with difference in UI rendering, it is likely that test cases will fail to execute properly. 2Lack of introspection wholeness of the drawbacks of the black box testing is that it cannot look into inner system of logic of the application unlike the white box testing. Therefore black box testing can never test an application fully.Failure reasonAnother issue with the black box testing, it does not put together the reason of the nonstarter. It does not tell what causes the failure in the system. So pure black box testing does not guarantee 100% c overage of the tested component. uninfected BOX TESTINGThe white box testing involves the inner logic of the program and the test cases are constructed from the bloodline code of the program. It is based on the knowledge of how the system is implement. White box testing includes analyses of data flow, control flow, information flow, coding practice, exception and error handling within the system, to test the intended and unintended behaviour of the system. 1 White box testing requires access to the beginning code. When the code is developed, white box testing can be performed any time in the life cycle except it is good practice to perform white box testing during the unit level testing. The first ill-use in white box testing is to analyze available design documentation, source code well-read what make software secure is a fundamental requirement. Second, to create tests that exploits software. Third thing is to perform testing effectively testers need to know the techniques a nd tools used for the white box testing.White box testing usually do by the developers as an extension of code debugging activity. The developers usually focus on making the code work, which gives them the tendency to debug only the code they know works. Software testers add value to developer debugging activity by helping the developer plan and debug more of the code than usual. The more the logic test coverage collide with while debugging, the fewer the defect will be discovered later by other kinds of testing. The in front these defects can be discovered, the less expensive they are to correct. Research has not yet produced a white box approach that guarantees 100% logic test coverage for all situations. 3 Here is the diagram for white box testing.Static AnalysisManualAutomatedInspectionWalkthroughSymbolic ExecutionStatic bridleDiagram .2, White Box TestingWhite Box Testing TechniquesWhite box testing verifies the correctness of the softwares statements, code paths, condition s, hand-builds and data flow. The prerequisites of white box testing include the software requirements, use cases, the executable program, its data and its source code. Here are the techniques used for white box testing.Statement Coverage TechniqueThis technique focuses on find what percentage of the source code lines in a program has been executed. If there are 5,000 lines of source code in a program and you can determine manually or with a tool that you have executed 4,537 lines of source code, then you have achieved 90.7% statement coverage. A dead reckoning in this context is that the higher the source code test coverage, the fewer will be the defects found later. The practical conclusion is the that new, unexecuted code lines are just a software time bomb hold to explode at the most inopportune moment in production. 3 The question is not if they will explode, only the question is when.Branch coverage techniqueThis technique focus on determining what percentage of source cod e secernate (true/false) logic in a program has been executed. Suppose if there are 1,500 source code branch points in a program and we can determine manually or with a tool that we have executed 1,145 branches by counting true and false branch executions separately then we have achieved 76.3% branch point coverage. 3 The co-occurrence of unexecuted branches with unexecuted statements is found most often in untested error recovery logic. Testing simple condition branches before the meld condition branches requires fewer initial test actions. The developer needs to choose a test value that will force a true branch and any test value that will force a false branch, just two test values per branch.Compound Condition Coverage TechniqueThis technique extends the branch coverage technique to branches with compound conditions, ones that contain combinations of Boolean operators AND, OR and NOT along with pairs of parenthesis, possible nested. In this technique, the challenge is to identi fy all the test value combinations that will evaluate to true and false for any(prenominal) simple condition and each Boolean combination of simple condition.Path Coverage TechniqueThis technique focus on determining what percentage of source code paths in a program have been traversed completely. A source code path is the sequence of program statements from the first executable statement through a series of arithmetic, switching input/out, branch and looping statements to a return/stop/end/exit statement. 3 If there are 943 different paths through a program and we can determine manually or with a tool that we have executed 766 of them, then we have achieved 81% path coverage. The underlying hypothesis is that the higher the path test coverage, the fewer will be the defect found later.Loop Coverage TechniqueThis technique focus on determining what percentage of source code loop in a program has been cycled completely. In the programming languages, there are several loops like DO , FOR, WHILE and UNTIL. Some of the loops are a clever construct of IF statements and subsequent returns to these IF statements. The object lens lensive of the loop testing is to force the program through the loop zero time, one time, n/2 times (n is terminal loop value) n times and n+1 times. The one-time loop, n/2-time loop and n-time loop validate expected loop response at the beginning, middle and end of the longest loop. The zero-time and n+1 time loop tests for unexpected and in enamor looping conditions.Advantages of White Box TestingHere is the list of the few common advantages of white box testing. self-examinationIntrospection is the ability to look inside the application and tester can identify objects programmatically. 2 It is helpful when UI changes frequently or the UI yet not known, It allows testing to proceed. In some situations it decreases the fragility of the test script provided the name calling of an object do not change.StabilityWhite box testing delivers gr eater stability and reusability of test cases if the objects that include an application never change.ThoroughnessWhite box testing is very helpful technique, where it is essential to know that every path has been thoroughly tested, that every possible internal interaction has been examined. 2 This technique gives tester the ability to be more thorough in terms of how much an application they can test.Issues with White box testingThe issues with the white box testing are listed belowComplexityThe tester must have expound programmatic knowledge of the application in order to test with white box testing technique. White box testing involves the internal logic of the applications code so this complexity requires highly skilled testers to develop test cases.FragilityAlthough introspection overcomes the issue of application changes breaking test scripts but the reality is that often the names of objects changes during product development. White box testing requires test scripts to be ti ghtly tied to the underlying code of an application means that changes to the code will often cause white box test scripts to break. 2 hence it introduces a high degree of script maintenance into the testing process.IntegrationDue to the highly co-ordinated nature of white box testing tools many do not provide support for more than one platform usually windows. In those companies where companies have applications that run on other platforms, they either need to use different tool or need to test manually. 2COMPARING BLACK BOX AND WHITE BOX TESTING FEATURESBlack box testing based on requirements, therefore also called behavioural or functional testing technique, whereas white box testing is based on the internal logic and structure of the project therefore also called structural testing.Black box testing creates test data without any aspect of the software structure, so this technique does not consider how the test object has been implemented but what its requirements are. On the o ther hand, in white box testing, the tests are derived from the structure of the tested object and tests are based on the actual implementation. 5Black box testing methodology is used in integration level or system level because it does not need to look into source code but just need to execute a system by using input data and output result. On the other hand, white box testing is used for logical and analytic test in unit test level.Black box tester can be less technical in programming and has no bonds with the code so tester perception is very simple white box tester needs programming skills to identify and test all paths through the software. 3In black box testing, test case can be designed as soon as the functional specifications are complete whereas in white box testing, test can be designed as the program code is developed.Black box tester used to trust contradiction in actual system and the specifications whereas white box tester chooses test case inputs to exercise paths t hrough the code and determines the appropriate output. It reveals all errors hidden in the code. 6Black box testing focuses on results and the user experience whereas white box testing focuses on the internal working and making sure that the application works as efficiently as possible.White box testing is time consuming especially when utilise to the whole system but it directly identifies more bugs in the software. In black box testing, inputs need to be from large sample space to find expected results.There are some bugs that cannot be found using only black box or only white box testing.In black box, it is difficult to identify all possible inputs in the limited testing time so write test cases is slow and difficult. In white box testing, it is not possible to test each and every path of the loop in a program so exhaustive testing is impossible for large systems.In black box testing some of the code may not be reachable without extraordinary measures, whereas white box testin g does not tell if all the functionality has been implemented in the program.The all-embracing test coverage may be achieved only when black box and white box testing techniques are combined because both methodologies include various benefits of application testing.CONCLUSIONAs discussed above, Black box testing validates the functionality of the software and ensures that the system is working correctly according to the user requirements. Black box testing is less expensive as compare to white box testing and can be performed by the less technical individuals but Black box approach does not cover the comprehensive testing of the system. On the other hand, White box testing checks the internal structure, inner loops, conditions and logic of the code to verify the working of the code. White box testing is expensive and is performed by the skilled and technical individuals, but as the software size is getting huge, it is difficult to check out all parts of source code during integrati on or system level testing. As both testing methods have some pros and cons when applied on certain levels of testing. So using only one testing approach cannot guarantee bug free software.In the conclusion, we can say that the comprehensive testing of the system may be achieved by using both of the techniques for the software testing. White box testing can be used with black box testing to improve overall test effectiveness.